Structural Brain Changes in Patients with Congenital Anosmia: MRI-Based Analysis of Gray- and White-Matter Volumes.

Congenital anosmia (CA) is a rare condition characterized by a lifelong inability to perceive odors, which significantly affects daily life and may be linked to broader neurodevelopmental alterations. This study aimed to investigate structural brain differences in patients with CA using MRI, focusing on gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) changes and their implications for neurodevelopment. This retrospective study included 28 patients with CA and 28 age- and gender-matched healthy controls.

Macular vessel density is associated with cognitive function in preclinical p.R544C NOTCH3 mutation carriers.

Background: The study aimed to examine the relationship between retinal microcirculation, brain white matter hyperintensities (WMH) seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and cognitive decline in asymptomatic carriers of NOTCH3 mutations, a preclinical stage of cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy.

Methods: Forty-nine asymptomatic carriers without stroke history or cognitive complaints were studied. Retinal vessel density and WMH volume were measured via optical coherence tomography angiography and MRI, respectively.

Validation of subpixel target detection and linear spectral unmixing techniques on short-wave infrared hyperspectral images of collagen phantoms.

Significance: We used three-dimensionally printed experimental molds and designed lard (lipid)-collagen mixed phantoms to simulate biological tissues to verify the practicality and accuracy of short-wave infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral imaging (HSI; 900 to 1700 nm), subpixel target detection (STD), and linear spectral unmixing (LSU). We provide a foundation for future development, validation, and reproducibility of hyperspectral image-processing techniques.

Aim: We aim to verify the use of SWIR HSI in bionic tissue phantoms.

Vulnerable parafoveal microcirculation quadrant in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of vision loss among adults. This study evaluates Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) vessel density (VD) as a marker for DR in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. An observational study was conducted with 47 type 2 DM patients and 21 healthy controls.

Appendicitis links to the afterward subsequent psoriatic disease occurrence in Taiwan national health insurance research database: A population-based cohort study: Appendicitis links to psoriatic diseases.

Objective: To investigate the psoriatic disease risk among patients with previous appendicitis.

Methods: This study was a nationwide population-based case-control study about the association between the psoriatic disease risk among patients with a history of appendicitis in Taiwan. The study population consisted of newly diagnosed psoriatic disease with at least two outpatient visits, and the control group included those patients without psoriatic disease at the same index date.

Development of Wearable Devices for Collecting Digital Rehabilitation/Fitness Data from Lower Limbs.

Lower extremity exercises are considered a standard and necessary treatment for rehabilitation and a well-rounded fitness routine, which builds strength, flexibility, and balance. The efficacy of rehabilitation programs hinges on meticulous monitoring of both adherence to home exercise routines and the quality of performance. However, in a home environment, patients often tend to inaccurately report the number of exercises performed and overlook the correctness of their rehabilitation motions, lacking quantifiable and systematic standards, thus impeding the recovery process.

An observation of short-wave near-infrared hyperspectral imaging in tracking of invisible post-traumatic subcutaneous lesions.

Post-traumatic soft tissue damage could persist for an extended period, and the non-traumatic side could be affected by indirect consequences. Hyperspectral imaging soft abundance scorer can identify these concealed and asymptomatic lesions.

Cortical thickness and diffusion tensor imaging in patients with neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus, with normal structure on brain MRI.

Objectives: Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) is associated with adverse outcomes; however, imaging abnormalities are only detectable by conventional brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in up to 50% of patients. This study investigated the variability in cortical thickness and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters among patients with NPSLE whose brain morphology appeared normal on conventional MRI.

Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 27 female patients with NPSLE (median age: 41.

Intravoxel Incoherent Motion-Diffusion-Weighted MRI for Investigation of Delayed Graft Function Immediately after Kidney Transplantation.

Purpose: A non-invasive way of assessing post-transplant renal graft function has been needed. This study aimed to assess the micro-structural and micro-functional status of graft kidneys by using intravoxel incoherent motion- (IVIM-) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) to investigate delayed graft function (DGF) immediately after transplantation.

Method: A prospective study was conducted on 37 patients, 14 with early graft function (EGF) and 23 with DGF (9 with complication, 14 without) who underwent IVIM-DWI, most often within 1-7 days after kidney transplantation.

Image segmentation using transfer learning and Fast R-CNN for diabetic foot wound treatments.

Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are considered the most challenging forms of chronic ulcerations to handle their multifactorial nature. It is necessary to establish a comprehensive treatment plan, accurate, and systematic evaluation of a patient with a DFU. This paper proposed an image recognition of diabetic foot wounds to support the effective execution of the treatment plan.

Detection of DLBCL by pixel purity index and iterative linearly constrained minimum variance into hyperspectral imaging analysis.

It is unclear whether a hyperspectral imaging-based approach can facilitate the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and further investigation is required. In this study, the pixel purity index (PPI) coupled with iterative linearly constrained minimum variance (ILCMV) was used to bridge this gap. We retrospectively reviewed 22 pathological DLBCL specimens.

Development of an Electronic Stethoscope and a Classification Algorithm for Cardiopulmonary Sounds.

With conventional stethoscopes, the auscultation results may vary from one doctor to another due to a decline in his/her hearing ability with age or his/her different professional training, and the problematic cardiopulmonary sound cannot be recorded for analysis. In this paper, to resolve the above-mentioned issues, an electronic stethoscope was developed consisting of a traditional stethoscope with a condenser microphone embedded in the head to collect cardiopulmonary sounds and an AI-based classifier for cardiopulmonary sounds was proposed. Different deployments of the microphone in the stethoscope head with amplification and filter circuits were explored and analyzed using fast Fourier transform (FFT) to evaluate the effects of noise reduction.

Factors Associated with the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Background: Potential risk factors for major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) requiring medical therapy should be investigated. Methods: We identified newly diagnosed AS patients without previous MACE from 2004 to 2012 using the National Health Insurance Research Database, matched MACE cases with non-MACE controls at a 1:4 ratio for age, gender, AS duration, and index date, and included 947 AS patients with MACE and 3896 matched controls for final analyses. By using conditional logistic regression analyses, we examined the associations of MACE with low income, urbanisation, comorbidities, common extra-articular manifestations (EAM), and medications, including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) of three categories (traditional NSAIDs, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2i), and preferential COX-2is) with their annual cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) within a year before MACE development.

Association Between a History of Dengue Fever and the Risk of Systemic Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases: A Nationwide, Population-Based Case-Control Study.

To determine the association between a history of clinically diagnosed dengue infection and the risk of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs). Using claims data from the 1997-2013 Taiwanese National Health Insurance Research Database, we included 74,422 patients who were diagnosed with SARDs and 297,688 patients without SARDs who were matched (in a 1:4 ratio) for age, sex, year of SARDs index date, and city of residence. The associations between the development of SARDs and a history of dengue infection (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification code 061) were investigated using conditional logistic regression analysis shown as odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) after adjusting for potential confounders.

Assessment of diabetic small-fiber neuropathy by using short-wave infrared hyperspectral imaging.

Among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the association between hyperspectral imaging (HSI) examination and diabetic neuropathy (DN) is ascertained using HSI of the feet using four types of spectral difference measurements. DN was evaluated by traditional Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSI), evaluation of painful neuropathy (ID-Pain, DN4) and sudomotor function by measuring electrochemical skin conductance (ESC). Of the 120 T2DM patients and 20 healthy adults enrolled, T2DM patients are categorized into normal sudomotor (ESC >60 μS) and sudomotor dysfunction (ESC ≤ 60 μS) groups.

Impact of systemic lupus erythematosus on the 5-year survival of critically ill septic patients.

Background: Infectious disease is an increasing threat to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); however, the long-term outcome in critically ill septic patients with SLE remains unclear, and we aimed to address the impact of SLE on 5-year survival in critically ill septic patients.

Methods: We used the 2003-2017 nationwide data with 825,556 patients with sepsis in Taiwan. We identified lupus cases with sepsis that required admission to the intensive care unit and mechanical ventilation and selected controls matched (1:4) for age, sex, and index-year.

Association of the Risk of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome With Fibrocystic Breast Disease: A Nationwide, Population-Based Study.

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is characterized by exocrine glandular inflammation; however, the association between preceding mammary-gland-inflammation-related diseases and newly diagnosed pSS remains unexplored. We used the 2003-2013 data retrieved from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) to conduct the present population-based study. We identified newly diagnosed pSS female patients during the 2001-2013 period, as well as age-matched (1:20) and propensity-score-matched (1:2) non-SS individuals (as controls).

Novel Automated Method for the Detection of White Matter Hyperintensities in Brain Multispectral MR Images.

Background: According to the Standards for Reporting Vascular Changes on Neuroimaging, White Matter Hyperintensities (WMHs) are cerebral white matter lesions that are characterized by abnormal tissues of variable sizes and appear hyperintense in T2-weighted Magnetic Resonance (MR) measurements without cavitation (i.e., their tissue signals differ from those of Cerebrospinal Fluid or CSF).

Hyperspectral imaging for skin assessment in systemic sclerosis: a pilot study.

Objective: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a novel technology for obtaining quantitative measurements from transcutaneous spatial and spectral information. In patients with SSc, the severity of skin tightness is associated with internal organ involvement. However, clinical assessment using the modified Rodnan skin score is highly variable and there are currently no universal standardized protocols.

Breast Tumor Detection and Classification Using Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Hyperspectral Imaging Techniques.

Breast cancer is a main cause of disease and death for women globally. Because of the limitations of traditional mammography and ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has gradually become an important radiological method for breast cancer assessment over the past decades. MRI is free of the problems related to radiation exposure and provides excellent image resolution and contrast.

Noninvasive assessment of intracranial elastance and pressure in spontaneous intracranial hypotension by MRI.

Background: Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is often misdiagnosed, and can lead to severe complications. Conventional MR sequences show a limited ability to aid in this diagnosis. MR-based intracranial pressure (MR-ICP) may be able to detect changes of intracranial elastance and pressure.

Robust volume assessment of brain tissues for 3-dimensional fourier transformation MRI via a novel multispectral technique.

A new TRIO algorithm method integrating three different algorithms is proposed to perform brain MRI segmentation in the native coordinate space, with no need of transformation to a standard coordinate space or the probability maps for segmentation. The method is a simple voxel-based algorithm, derived from multispectral remote sensing techniques, and only requires minimal operator input to depict GM, WM, and CSF tissue clusters to complete classification of a 3D high-resolution multislice-multispectral MRI data. Results showed very high accuracy and reproducibility in classification of GM, WM, and CSF in multislice-multispectral synthetic MRI data.