Co-Infection of Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Cryptococcal Meningitis in an HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Report.

Opportunistic fungal infections (OFIs) are common among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -positive patients, especially in those with delayed diagnosis and treatment. Patients with severe HIV/AIDS with clusters of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts less than 100 are significantly prone to develop multiple OFIs. In the current study, we present a case of co-infection of pulmonary aspergillosis and cryptococcal meningitis in a late-diagnosed HIV patient with a low CD4 count.

Shrinking Lung Syndrome as an Early Manifestation of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report With Literature Review.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can involve the respiratory system through various manifestations, including the rare pulmonary complication known as shrinking lung syndrome (SLS). SLS is characterised by progressive dyspnoea, pleuritic chest pain, diaphragmatic elevation, reduced lung volumes, a restrictive pattern on pulmonary function tests, and decreased diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide. Diagnosing SLS is challenging, as it requires ruling out interstitial lung disease and significant pleural pathology.

Right Pulmonary Artery Thrombus Identified by Endobronchial Ultrasound: A Rare Incidental Finding.

Although rarely reported, endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) can reveal unexpected vascular findings such as pulmonary thromboembolism. Systematic evaluation of pulmonary arteries during EBUS may identify central emboli, enabling timely diagnosis and treatment.

Developing an innovative interventional approach for stenting trachea.

Objectives: Stenting is a method of controlling airway occlusions (CAO) that can be used alone or in combination with other treatments. There are different types of airway stents. One of the most widely used types is silicone stent.

Are alterations needed in Silybum marianum (Silymarin) administration practices? A novel outlook and meta-analysis on randomized trials targeting liver injury.

It is widely believed that Silybum marianum (Silymarin) alleviates liver injury arising from various etiologies with different degrees of damage through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. This meta-analysis investigated the effects of silymarin administration on serum levels of liver enzymes including AST, ALT and ALP. From inception to November, 2023, a comprehensive literature search was conducted.

Optimizing Sleep Disorder Management in Hospitalized Patients: Practical Approach for Healthcare Providers.

Purpose: To provide a comprehensive review of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, focusing on a case-based approach to illustrate the multifaceted nature of this clinical challenge.

Method: An extensive review of related literature was conducted to determine the common causes of sleep disturbances in hospitalized patients, such as environmental, medical, psychological, and physiological factors. The case of Mrs.

Eosinophil count and clinical outcome in patients with acute exacerbation of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Introduction: We examined the association of blood eosinophil counts at the time of AECOPD hospitalization with the risk of ICU admission as well as the hospital lengths of stay and mortality.

Methods: In the current retrospective study, the association between blood eosinophil counts in COPD patients at the time of AECOPD hospitalization and the risk of subsequent ICU admission as well as mortality was assessed. The chi-squared test and t-test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia and male infertility: Unraveling the genetic and clinical nexus.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by dysfunction of motile cilia in various organ systems, including the respiratory and reproductive tracts. A key manifestation in males is infertility, primarily attributed to impaired sperm motility. Although sperm vitality may be preserved, immotility or abnormal flagellar function significantly impairs natural conception.

Zinc status in cystic fibrosis patients; a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive hereditary disease causes concentration of secretions and this affects the lungs and digestive system. These patients are exposed to zinc (zn) deficiency. In this review, we decided to investigate the status of zn in CF patients compared to control group.

Black pigment on EBUS-TBNA sampling: A case of malignant melanoma.

The visualization of black pigment during EBUS-TBNA suggests a relapse of melanoma. This case highlights the value of EBUS-TBNA in diagnosing metastatic melanoma, particularly when the macroscopic appearance of the aspirate suggests the diagnosis.

Respiratory symptoms due to a twisted nasogastric tube: A case report.

Insertion of a nasogastric tube (NGT) is generally considered safe; however, it is not without risk, and in cases of misplacement, complications and even death may occur. In this article, we reported a case of NGT misplacement in a 75-year-old male, which resulted in aspiration pneumonia. We also reviewed published cases of NGT misplacement.

Ruptured giant thoracic hydatid cyst presenting with respiratory symptoms.

Pulmonary hydatid disease remains a global public health issue. Symptoms often result from cyst rupture, causing fever, cough, and hemoptysis. Radiographs may show homogeneous masses, air-fluid levels, or the pathognomonic "water lily" sign.

CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene therapy in lung cancer.

As the largest cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide, pulmonary cancer is the most common form of the disease. Several genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors come into play during the multi-step mechanism of tumorigenesis. The heterogeneity that makes discovering successful therapeutics for pulmonary cancer problematic is significantly influenced by the epigenetic landscape, including DNA methylation, chromatin architecture, histone modifications, and noncoding RNA control.

Immunogenic cell death (ICD)-inducers in non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC): current knowledge and future perspective.

The prevalence of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is rising every year all around the world. The interaction between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) is a crucial factor in determining the development of human neoplasms. Organellar and cellular stress are induced during immunogenic cell death (ICD), a particularly functional response pattern.

Evaluation of headache associated with personal protective equipment during COVID-19.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has created new conditions for medical staff, forcing them to use personal protective equipment (PPE) for an extended duration of time. Headache is a commonly associated side effect of the use of such equipment among healthcare workers.

Method: In this cross-sectional study, 243 frontline healthcare workers at four referral hospitals for COVID-19 were evaluated for the occurrence of headache following the use of PPE and its relationship with blood gas parameters was assessed.

Low-dose whole-lung irradiation in severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a controlled clinical trial.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality thus far. Considering the historical uses of high-voltage X-ray beams for unresolvable pneumonia, we aimed to assess whether low-dose whole-lung irradiation (WLI) could provide any benefits for patients with refractory COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods: Eleven patients with refractory COVID-19 pneumonia were treated with WLI to a total dose of 1 Gy and compared to 11 patients in a matched control group from June to November 2020.

Proven Aspergillus flavus pulmonary aspergillosis in a COVID-19 patient: A case report and review of the literature.

Severe COVID-19 patients complicated with aspergillosis are increasingly reported. We present a histopathological proven case of fatal COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), due to Aspergillus flavus. This report and existing published literature indicate diagnostic challenges and poor outcomes of CAPA in ICU patients.