Bioimplant-on-a-Chip for Facile Investigation of Periodontal Ligament Formation on Biogenic Hydroxyapatite/TiAl V Implants.

Highly osseointegrative dental implants surrounded by reconstructed periodontal tissues represent a promising strategy for functional tooth replacement, as they mimic the structural and physiological characteristics of natural teeth. However, there is currently a lack of in vitro platforms that can effectively evaluate the integration of engineered periodontal ligament (PDL) tissues with bioimplants. In this study, we developed a bioimplant-on-a-chip (BoC) platform designed to recapitulate the native PDL-cementum interface and assess the early stage biological performance of bioimplants in vitro.

Latent stem cell-stimulating radially aligned electrospun nanofibrous patches for chronic tympanic membrane perforation therapy.

Chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforation is a tubotympanic disease caused by either traumatic injury or inflammation. A recent study demonstrated significant progress in promoting the regeneration of chronic TM perforations through the application of nanofibers with radially aligned nanostructures and controlled release of growth factors. However, radially aligned nanostructures with stem cell-stimulating factors have never been used.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis and Empirical Evaluation of Carboxymethylcellulose/Alginate 3D Bioprinting Inks for Screw-Based Microextrusion.

Three-dimensional microextrusion bioprinting technology uses pneumatics, pistons, or screws to transfer and extrude bioinks containing biomaterials and cells to print biological tissues and organs. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis can simulate the flow characteristics of bioinks in a control volume, and the effect on cell viability can be predicted by calculating the physical quantities. In this study, we developed an analysis system to predict the effect of a screw-based dispenser system (SDS) on cell viability in bioinks through rheological and CFD analyses.

Development of Plum Seed-Derived Carboxymethylcellulose Bioink for 3D Bioprinting.

Three-dimensional bioprinting represents an innovative platform for fabricating intricate, three-dimensional (3D) tissue structures that closely resemble natural tissues. The development of hybrid bioinks is an actionable strategy for integrating desirable characteristics of components. In this study, cellulose recovered from plum seed was processed to synthesize carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) for 3D bioprinting.

Development of 3D Printable Calcium Phosphate Cement Scaffolds with Cockle Shell Powders.

Three-dimensional (3D) printed calcium phosphate cement (CPC) scaffolds are increasingly being used for bone tissue repair. Traditional materials used for CPC scaffolds, such as bovine and porcine bone, generally contain low amounts of calcium phosphate compounds, resulting in reduced production rates of CPC scaffolds. On the other hand, cockle shells contain more than 99% CaCO in the form of amorphous aragonite with excellent biocompatibility, which is expected to increase the CPC production rate.

Development of Silk Fibroin-Based Non-Crosslinking Thermosensitive Bioinks for 3D Bioprinting.

Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting holds great promise for tissue engineering, allowing cells to thrive in a 3D environment. However, the applicability of natural polymers such as silk fibroin (SF) in 3D bioprinting faces hurdles due to limited mechanical strength and printability. SF, derived from the silkworm Bombyx mori, is emerging as a potential bioink due to its inherent physical gelling properties.

Reduced graphene oxide-incorporated calcium phosphate cements with pulsed electromagnetic fields for bone regeneration.

Natural calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) derived from sintered animal bone have been investigated to treat bone defects, but their low mechanical strength remains a critical limitation. Graphene improves the mechanical properties of scaffolds and promotes higher osteoinduction. To this end, reduced graphene oxide-incorporated natural calcium phosphate cements (RGO-CPCs) are fabricated for reinforcement of CPCs' characteristics.

Enhanced Osteogenesis of Dental Pulp Stem Cells In Vitro Induced by Chitosan-PEG-Incorporated Calcium Phosphate Cement.

The use of bone graft materials is required for the treatment of bone defects damaged beyond the critical defect; therefore, injectable calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is actively used after surgery. The application of various polymers to improve injectability, mechanical strength, and biological function of injection-type CPC is encouraged. We previously developed a chitosan-PEG conjugate (CS/PEG) by a sulfur (VI) fluoride exchange reaction, and the resulting chitosan derivative showed high solubility at a neutral pH.

Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Using a Graphene Oxide-Coated Poly(ε-caprolactone) Scaffold.

Periodontal diseases occur through bacterial infection in the oral cavity, which can cause alveolar bone loss. Several efforts have been made to reconstruct alveolar bone, such as grafting bone substitutes and 3D-printed scaffolds. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) is biocompatible and biodegradable, thus demonstrating its potential as a biomaterial substitute; however, it is difficult for cells to adhere to PCL because of its strong hydrophobicity.

Development of novel gene carrier using modified nano hydroxyapatite derived from equine bone for osteogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells.

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a representative substance that induces bone regeneration. Our research team extracted nanohydroxyapatite (EH) from natural resources, especially equine bones, and developed it as a molecular biological tool. Polyethylenimine (PEI) was used to coat the EH to develop a gene carrier.

3D-Printed Poly(ε-Caprolactone)/Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds Modified with Alkaline Hydrolysis Enhance Osteogenesis In Vitro.

The 3D-printed bioactive ceramic incorporated Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds show great promise as synthetic bone graft substitutes. However, 3D-printed scaffolds still lack adequate surface properties for cells to be attached to them. In this study, we modified the surface characteristics of 3D-printed poly(ε-caprolactone)/hydroxyapatite scaffolds using O2 plasma and sodium hydroxide.

Evaluation of the Osteogenic Potential of Stem Cells in the Presence of Growth Hormone under Magnetic Field Stimulation.

The human alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hABMSCs) are considered an attractive source for the development of bone tissues. However, their mechanism of action is still unclear. This work aimed to investigate the potential of the natural human growth hormone (NHGH) derived from stem cells under magnetic field (MF) stimulation for tissue engineering by exploring the paracrine or autocrine effects of hABMSCs .

Aligned Nanofiber-Guided Bone Regeneration Barrier Incorporated with Equine Bone-Derived Hydroxyapatite for Alveolar Bone Regeneration.

Post-surgery failure of dental implants due to alveolar bone loss is currently critical, disturbing the quality of life of senior dental patients. To overcome this problem, bioceramic or bone graft material is loaded into the defect. However, connective tissue invasion instead of osteogenic tissue limits bone tissue regeneration.

Evaluation of Bone Regeneration Potential of Long-Term Soaked Natural Hydroxyapatite.

Natural hydroxyapatite (HA) was derived from pig bones (PBs) for tissue engineering applications through heat treatment. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were employed for the analysis of heat-treated PB powder. In addition, inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectroscopy was applied to examine the phase organizations and chemical composition of PB powder.

Development and characterization of waste equine bone-derived calcium phosphate cements with human alveolar bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells.

Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) are regarded as promising graft substitutes for bone tissue engineering. However, their wide use is limited by the high cost associated with the complex synthetic processes involved in their fabrication. Cheaper xenogeneic calcium phosphate (CaP) materials derived from waste animal bone may solve this problem.

Enhanced Osteogenesis of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Presence of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have attracted significant attention for tissue engineering because of their ability to differentiate into bone cells, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and muscle cells. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been considered as a potential material for tissue engineering applications due to their unique properties, such as high aspect ratio, excellent electrocatalytic activity, and biocompatibility. Here we prepared exfoliated SWCNTs layers through an ultra-sonication process in the acidic medium and evaluated their cytotoxicity using hMSCs.

Epidermal Growth Factor-Releasing Radially Aligned Electrospun Nanofibrous Patches for the Regeneration of Chronic Tympanic Membrane Perforations.

Chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforations can cause otorrhea. To date, various types of tissue engineering techniques have been applied for the regeneration of chronic TM perforations. However, the application of nanofibers with radially aligned nanostructures and the simultaneous release of growth factors have never been applied in the regeneration of chronic TM perforations.

Neurogenic Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells on Graphene-Polycaprolactone Hybrid Nanofibers.

Stem cells derived from dental tissues-dental stem cells-are favored due to their easy acquisition. Among them, dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) extracted from the dental pulp have many advantages, such as high proliferation and a highly purified population. Although their ability for neurogenic differentiation has been highlighted and neurogenic differentiation using electrospun nanofibers (NFs) has been performed, graphene-incorporated NFs have never been applied for DPSC neurogenic differentiation.

JNK2 silencing and caspase-9 activation by hyperosmotic polymer inhibits tumor progression.

c-Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (JNK2) is primarily responsible for the oncogenic transformation of the transcription factor c-Jun. Expression of the proto-oncogene c-Jun progresses the cell cycle from G1 to S phase, but when its expression becomes awry it leads to uncontrolled proliferation and angiogenesis. Delivering a JNK2 siRNA (siJNK2) in tumor tissue was anticipated to reverse the condition with subsequent onset of apoptosis which predominantly requires an efficient delivering system capable of penetrating through the compact tumor mass.

Correction: Development of a bio-electrospray system for cell and non-viral gene delivery.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1039/C7RA12477E.].

Development of a bio-electrospray system for cell and non-viral gene delivery.

Bio-electrospray technology is a very attractive tool for preparing scaffolds and depositing desired solutions on various targets by electric force. In this study, we focused on the application of a bio-electrospray (BES) technique to spray cells on the target and to simultaneously deliver genetic constructs into the cells, called non-viral gene delivery-based bio-electrospray (NVG-BES). Using this method, we tried to harvest the electric charge produced during electrospray for the cellular internalization of cationic polymer/DNA nanoparticles as well as the delivery of living cells on the desired substrate.

Effects of pulsing of light on the dentinogenesis of dental pulp stem cells in vitro.

Low power light (LPL) treatment has been widely used in various clinical trials, which has been known to reduce pain and inflammation and to promote wound healing. LPL was also shown to enhance differentiation of stem cells into specific lineages. However, most studies have used high power light in mW order, and there was lack of studies about the effects of very low power light in μW.

Chitosan/PEI patch releasing EGF and the EGFR gene for the regeneration of the tympanic membrane after perforation.

Damage to the eardrum causes acute pain and can lead to chronic otitis media if it develops into chronic tympanic membrane (TM) perforations. Chronic TM perforations are usually treated with surgical methods such as tympanoplasty and myringoplasty. However, these surgeries are not only complicated and difficult but also cost a lot of money.