Structures of Listeria monocytogenes MenD in ThDP-bound and in-crystallo captured intermediate I-bound forms.

Menaquinones (vitamin K) are a family of redox-active small lipophilic molecules that serve as vital electron carriers in many bacterial electron-transport pathways. The ThDP-dependent enzyme 2-succinyl-5-enolpyruvyl-6-hydroxy-3-cyclohexene-1-carboxylate (SEPHCHC) synthase (MenD) catalyses the first irreversible step in bacterial classical menaquinone biosynthesis via a series of reactions involving covalent ThDP-bound intermediates. We report structures of MenD from the pathogen Listeria monocytogenes (LmoMenD) in its ThDP cofactor-bound and in-crystallo captured intermediate I-bound forms.

Viral non-SARS-CoV-2 etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Southeast Asia: a review and pooled analysis.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Southeast Asia (SEA). While bacterial causes are well studied, viral etiologies are less characterized. The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the significance of viral pneumonia, alongside ongoing concerns from zoonotic influenza, human metapneumovirus, and other outbreaks.

Structures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoprenyl diphosphate synthase Rv2173 in substrate-bound forms.

We report structures of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis isoprenyl diphosphate synthase Rv2173 in three forms: apo and two substrate-bound forms [isoprenyl diphosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP)]. The protein possesses a canonical all-α-helical trans-isoprenyl diphosphate synthase fold that is dimeric in each form. There are some differences between the structures: the IPP-bound form shows IPP bound in the DMAPP/allylic substrate-binding site with three divalent metal ions bound around the IPP and the complete C-terminus closing around the active site, while the apo and DMAPP-bound forms are more open, with some of the C-terminal region disordered, supporting suggestions that the C-terminus is important in substrate entry/product exit.

Apparent Reversal of Allosteric Response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis MenD Reveals Links to Half-of-Sites Reactivity.

Redox-active molecules play critical roles in various biological functions, including cellular respiration. In bacterial electron transport chains, menaquinones serve as key electron carriers. The first committed enzyme in the menaquinone biosynthesis pathway of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), MenD, is allosterically inhibited by 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (DHNA), the first redox-active metabolite in the pathway.

Characteristics and Outcomes of Surgical Treatment for Anterolateral Ankle Impingement Due to the Distal Fascicle of the Anterior Inferior Tibiofibular Ligament.

Background: The pathomechanism of anterolateral ankle impingement (ALAI) due to the distal fascicle of the anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament (DF-AITFL) has not been fully elucidated. In addition, because of its rarity, no definitive diagnostic criteria have been established for ALAI due to DF-AITFL.

Purpose: To document the symptom characteristics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and and arthroscopic findings as well as postoperative clinical outcomes of ALAI due to DF-AITFL.

Isolation, anticancer potency, and camptothecin-producing ability of endophytic fungi isolated from .

Camptothecin (CPT) is an important alkaloid used for anticancer treatment. It is mainly produced by two endangered and overharvested and plants. Endophytic fungi are promising alternative sources for CPT production.

Comprehensive understanding of the mutant 'giant' developed via ultraviolet mutagenesis.

Introduction: Cyanobacteria are typically of a size that can be observed under a microscope. Here, we present cyanobacteria of a size that can be observed with the naked eye. NCB002 strain showed differentiated morphological characteristics compared to previously reported spp.

Multilayer immobilizing of denitrifying sp. and TiO-AgNPs on floating expanded clay carrier for co-treatment of nitrite and pathogens in aquaculture.

Nitrite contamination and the spread of pathogens can seriously degrade water quality. To simultaneously control these factors, an innovative approach of fabricating a remediation agent that contained denitrifying bacteria and TiO-AgNPs co-immobilized on floating expanded clay (EC) was proposed in this study. The EC was fabricated from a mixture of clay and rice husk through pyrolysis at a high temperature of 1200 °C, followed by a rapid cooling step to create a porous structure for the material.

Study on Sustentaculum Tali Fragment Constancy in Intraarticular Calcaneus Fracture.

Objectives: To establish reproducible measurements of the sustentaculum tali (ST) fragment regarding fracture classification and patient-related factors.

Design: Retrospective.

Setting: Trauma center, University Hospital.

Novel (E)-3-(3-Oxo-4-substituted-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-N-hydroxypropenamides as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Bioevaluation.

Herein, we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of novel (E)-3-(3-oxo-4-substituted-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-yl)-N-hydroxypropenamides (4 a-i, 7 a-g) targeting histone deacetylases. Three human cancer cell lines were used to test the cytotoxicity of the synthesized compounds (SW620, colon; PC-3, prostate; NCI-H23, lung cancer); inhibitory activity towards HDAC; anticancer activity; as well as their impact on the cell cycle and apoptosis. As a result, compounds 4 a-i bearing the alkyl substituents seemed to be less potent than the benzyl-containing compounds 7 a-g in all biological assays.

Allosteric inhibition of MenD by 1,4-dihydroxy naphthoic acid: a feedback inhibition mechanism of the menaquinone biosynthesis pathway.

Menaquinones (MKs) are electron carriers in bacterial respiratory chains. In (), MKs are essential for aerobic and anaerobic respiration. As MKs are redox-active, their biosynthesis likely requires tight regulation to prevent disruption of cellular redox balance.

The role of CCL2, CCL7, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in interaction of endothelial cells and natural killer cells.

Natural killer (NK) cell-based therapy has been studied for the treatment of patients with cancers, but the inadequate infiltration of NK cells into solid tumors remains a big challenge to its clinical application. In this study, we examined the interaction between NK cells and endothelial cells, which might play a major role in NK cell homing to solid tumors. We found that endothelial cells were activated by TNF-α and IL-1β, which were produced by tumor-associated CD11b cells, which included F4/80 macrophages.

Misdiagnosis of Pyoderma Gangrenosum Increases Medical Costs and Prolongs Hospital Stay: A Case Report.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, immunological ulcerative, and necrotic inflammatory skin disease that can be easily misdiagnosed as cellulitis, abscess, diabetic foot ulcer, and other infectious diseases. Misdiagnosing PG leads to unnecessary surgical incision and debridement, which further exacerbates the lesion, ultimately leading to longer treatment periods and higher medical costs. Therefore, early and accurate diagnosis of PG is extremely important for its treatment.

A review on the emerging applications of cellulose, cellulose derivatives and nanocellulose in carbon capture.

Carbon capture can be implemented at a large scale only if the CO selective materials are abundantly available at low cost. Since the sustainable requirement also elevated, the low-cost and biodegradable cellulosic materials are developed into CO selective adsorbent and membranes recently. The applications of cellulose, cellulosic derivatives and nanocellulose as CO selective adsorbents and membranes are reviewed here.

An Indo-Pacific coral spawning database.

The discovery of multi-species synchronous spawning of scleractinian corals on the Great Barrier Reef in the 1980s stimulated an extraordinary effort to document spawning times in other parts of the globe. Unfortunately, most of these data remain unpublished which limits our understanding of regional and global reproductive patterns. The Coral Spawning Database (CSD) collates much of these disparate data into a single place.

Clinical Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Repair Using Ring Forceps for Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture.

Mini-open techniques using special devices, introduced to preclude the complications of open and percutaneous techniques, have limited usefulness because of the need for the devices and the weak strength of the repair. We developed a mini-open technique using a ring forceps. This technique is easy to use and increases the strength of the repair with crossed sutures.

Production of Algal Biomass and High-Value Compounds Mediated by Interaction of Microalgal sp. KNUA044 and Bacterium KNU100.

There is growing interest in the production of microalgae-based, high-value by-products as an emerging green biotechnology. However, a cultivation platform for sp. has yet to be established.

Healthcare Workers' Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding the World Health Organization's "My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene": Evidence From a Vietnamese Central General Hospital.

Objectives: Although the World Health Organization (WHO) initiative "My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene" has been lauded as effective in preventing hospital-associated infections, little is known about healthcare workers (HCWs)' hand hygiene behavior. In this study, we sought to assess knowledge and attitudes towards the concepts in this initiative, as well as associated factors, among Vietnamese HCWs at a general hospital.

Methods: A structured questionnaire was administered to HCWs at a central Vietnamese general hospital in 2015.

Assessment of biomass potentials of microalgal communities in open pond raceways using mass cultivation.

Metagenome studies have provided us with insights into the complex interactions of microorganisms with their environments and hosts. Few studies have focused on microalgae-associated metagenomes, and no study has addressed aquatic microalgae and their bacterial communities in open pond raceways (OPRs). This study explored the possibility of using microalgal biomasses from OPRs for biodiesel and biofertilizer production.

Bioelectrochemical technology for recovery of silver from contaminated aqueous solution: a review.

A large amount of silver-rich wastewater is generated from different industrial processes. This wastewater is not considered a waste, but a valuable source for recovery due to the precious silver (Ag). Previous studies have used traditional methods such as membrane filtration, electrolysis, chemical precipitation, electrochemical, and cementation for Ag recovery.

Allosteric regulation of menaquinone (vitamin K) biosynthesis in the human pathogen .

Menaquinone (vitamin K) plays a vital role in energy generation and environmental adaptation in many bacteria, including the human pathogen (). Although menaquinone levels are known to be tightly linked to the cellular redox/energy status of the cell, the regulatory mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon are unclear. The first committed step in menaquinone biosynthesis is catalyzed by MenD, a thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzyme comprising three domains.

Electrochemical reduction of different Ag(i)-containing solutions in bioelectrochemical systems for recovery of silver and simultaneous power generation.

In this study, dual-chamber bioelectrochemical reactors (, R1, R2, R3, and R4) were employed to investigate the Ag recovery and electricity production from different Ag(i)-containing artificial wastewaters (, Ag solution, [Ag(NH)] and [Ag(SO)] complexes, and mixed metal solution). Results showed that the electrochemical reductions of Ag(i) ions in all reactors were rapid reactions. The reaction rate in R1 was the fastest.

Haemorrhagic small bowel melanoma metastasis: a clinical rarity.

We report on a clinical case with haemorrhagic small bowel metastases in a malignant melanoma patient with anaemia, diagnosed using small bowel video capsule endoscopy (VCE). A 67-year-old male patient with a previous diagnosis of malignant melanoma presented with anaemia and vertigo on admission. The standard diagnostic protocol for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding investigation including a gastroscopy, colonoscopy and small bowel capsule endoscopy, as well as abdominal sonography and a restaging protocol including chest-abdomen-pelvis CT (CAP-CT), echocardiography and ECG was applied.