Embolic stroke of undetermined source: A cardiovascular approach to diagnostic uncertainty.

Embolic stroke of undetermined source (ESUS) is a clinical event with an undelineated embolic etiology after the initial stroke workup. Once stroke specialists confirm ESUS, evaluation of rhythm disorders such as atrial fibrillation, specific cardiac pathologies (cardiomyopathy, left atrial cardiopathy, left-atrial septal pouch, aortic or mitral valve disease, cardiac neoplasm, right-to-left shunts, or device-related thrombus), and acquired hypercoagulable states, which may occasionally be related to malignancy, should be performed. While most ESUS patients require appropriate antiplatelet therapy, certain subsets may require oral anticoagulation.

Anticoagulation in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease: A Critical Review.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its advanced stage, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), affect millions worldwide and are associated with a paradoxical hemostatic imbalance-marked by both increased thrombotic and bleeding risks-which complicates anticoagulant use and demands clearer, evidence-based clinical guidance.

Design: This study is a critical review synthesizing the current literature on anticoagulant therapy in CKD and ESRD, with emphasis on altered pharmacokinetics, clinical complications, and therapeutic adjustments.

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for articles discussing anticoagulation in CKD/ESRD, focusing on pharmacokinetics, clinical outcomes, and dosing recommendations.

Perioperative outcomes of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement: a national inpatient sample study.

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has transformed the management of patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who are unfit for surgical aortic valve replacement. Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias observed in patients with aortic stenosis undergoing TAVR. Our study explores the impact of Afib on perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing TAVR.

Right Ventricular Myocardial Infarction: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Approaches.

Right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) is a significant and distinct form of acute myocardial infarction associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. It occurs most commonly due to proximal right coronary artery obstruction, often in conjunction with inferior myocardial infarction. RVMI poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to the anatomical and functional differences between the right and left ventricles.

Coronary allograft vasculopathy in post-heart transplant patients: pathogenesis and role of cardiac computed tomography in diagnosis-a comprehensive review.

Coronary allograft vasculopathy, often known as cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), is a substantial source of morbidity and mortality in people who have had heart transplants. Early detection and monitoring of CAV are crucial for improving outcomes in this population. Although cardiac computed tomography (CT) has emerged as a possible method for finding and evaluating CAV, invasive coronary angiography has long been thought of as the gold standard for recognizing CAV.

Pattern of Comorbid Headache Among Children with Epilepsy Treated for Neurocysticercosis.

The present cross-sectional study was designed to describe the pattern of comorbid headache among children with epilepsy (CWE) secondary to neurocysticercosis (NCC). Children aged 6 to 14 y (n = 70) already diagnosed with neurocysticercosis on a minimum follow-up of six months were consecutively enroled in the study over a period of four months. Majority of them were boys [41 (58%)] with a mean (SD) age of 9.