Molecular Epidemiology of Sapovirus Infection in Japanese Children With Acute Gastroenteritis Before and After the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Sapovirus (SaV) is one of the pathogens associated with sporadic acute gastroenteritis in infants and children, and also with foodborne outbreaks in all age groups. This study investigated the molecular detection and characterization of SaV in Japanese children with acute gastroenteritis from July 2017 to June 2024, and the results were compared with those of the previous study conducted in 2014-2017. The study period of this study encompassed the period before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan.

Molecular detection and characterization of human bocavirus in environmental waters in Thailand from 2020 to 2022.

Human bocavirus (HBoV) is a globally recognized pathogen associated with respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in infants and young children. Its detection in both clinical and environmental water samples has raised concerns about potential waterborne transmission. This study investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of HBoV in environmental water sources in Chang Mai, Thailand, from July 2020 to December 2022.

A rotavirus VP4 or VP7 monoreassortant panel identifies genotypes that are less susceptible to neutralization by systemic antibodies induced by vaccination or natural infection.

Rotavirus infections remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. The viral surface proteins VP4 and VP7 are each classified into multiple genotypes (P[1]-P[58] for VP4 and G1-G42 for VP7), which differ in their susceptibility to neutralizing antibodies; however, detailed analyses of these differences remain limited. This study investigates the susceptibility of diverse VP4 and VP7 genotypes to neutralizing antibodies induced by vaccination or natural infection.

Prevalence and genetic diversity of porcine rotavirus A from diarrheic piglets in Northern Thailand.

Background: Rotavirus A (RVA) is an important pathogen causing acute viral gastroenteritis in young children and various animals. RVA is also recognized as a common cause of gastroenteritis in piglets. Epidemiological studies of porcine RVA (PoRVA) conducted in different settings worldwide reported that the prevalence of PoRVA infection ranged from 9.

Oxidative Stress Enhances Rubella Virus Infection in Immortalized Human First-Trimester Trophoblasts.

Rubella infection (RuV) during early pregnancy is a known cause of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). However, the mechanisms by which the virus crosses the placenta and infects the fetus are not fully understood. It has been known that various kinds of cell stresses can occur during the placenta formation.

FilmArray® effectively detects all clades of F41 but encounters challenges with other adenovirus species.

The BioFire FilmArray® Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel, a widely used diagnostic tool, is designed to detect the genetic material of 22 common pathogens responsible for gastroenteritis, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. It can detect human adenovirus (HAdV) species F, particularly serotypes F40 and F41, which are the major causes of diarrhea and mortality in children. However, its potential shortcomings in detecting other HAdV species limit its effectiveness in broader HAdV detection in clinical settings and outbreak investigations.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Fast-Track Diagnostic Kit for Detecting Viral Gastroenteritis Agents.

Background: Viral gastroenteritis is a significant global health concern. An effective, rapid, and easy-to-use diagnostic tool is essential for screening causative viruses.

Methods: Forty-eight samples, known to be infected with one of the following viruses: norovirus, group A rotavirus, astrovirus, adenovirus, and sapovirus determined by reverse transcription-PCR and nucleotide sequencing, were evaluated by the Fast Track Diagnostics (FTD) viral gastroenteritis assay.

H and B Blood Antigens Are Essential for In Vitro Replication of GII.2 Human Norovirus.

Background: Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major cause of enteric infectious gastroenteritis and is classified into several genotypes based on its capsid protein amino acid sequence and nucleotide sequence of the polymerase gene. Among these, GII.4 is the major genotype worldwide.

Liquid-liquid phase transition as a basis for novel materials for skin repair and regeneration.

Inorganic materials are of increasing interest not only for bone repair but also for other applications in regenerative medicine. In this study, the combined effects of energy-providing, regeneratively active inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) and also morphogenetically active pearl powder on wound healing were investigated. Aragonite, the mineralic constituent of pearl nacre and thermodynamically unstable form of crystalline calcium carbonate, was found to be converted into a soluble state in the presence of a Ca-containing wound exudate, particularly upon addition of sodium polyP (Na-polyP), driven by the transfer of Ca ions from aragonite to polyP, leading to liquid-liquid phase separation to form an aqueous Ca-polyP coacervate.

Precautionary findings on the utilization of FilmArray® to detect human astroviruses in fecal and sewage samples.

The FilmArray® Gastrointestinal (GI) Panel is a modern, sensitive, and comprehensive stool testing technique for identifying common gastrointestinal pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites. Its increasing demand is due to ease of operation and automation. Pathogens, particularly viruses, undergo constant genetic evolution.

Diverse genotypes of norovirus genogroup I and II contamination in environmental water in Thailand during the COVID-19 outbreak from 2020 to 2022.

Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most significant viral pathogens associated with waterborne and foodborne outbreaks of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diversity of NoVs contaminated in the environmental water in Chiang Mai, Thailand. A total of 600 environmental water samples were collected from ten sampling sites in Chiang Mai from July 2020 to December 2022.

Remarkable increase in the detection and molecular characterization of adenovirus F41 in children with acute gastroenteritis in Japan, 2017-2023.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is one of the causative viruses of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children worldwide. Species F is known to be enteric adenovirus (genotypes 40 and 41) detected in stool samples. In Japan, we conducted an epidemiological study and molecular characterization of HAdV before and after the COVID-19 pandemic from 2017 to 2023.

Molecular Evolution of GII.P31/GII.4_Sydney_2012 Norovirus over a Decade in a Clinic in Japan.

Norovirus (NoV) genogroup II, polymerase type P31, capsid genotype 4, Sydney_2012 variant (GII.P31/GII.4_Sydney_2012) has been circulating at high levels for over a decade, raising the question of whether this strain is undergoing molecular alterations without demonstrating a substantial phylogenetic difference.

Evaluation of a novel triplex immunochromatographic test for rapid simultaneous detection of norovirus, rotavirus, and adenovirus on a single strip test.

Background: Acute gastroenteritis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in young children worldwide. Among these, rotavirus, norovirus, and adenovirus have been reported as the primary viral pathogens associated with the disease. Rapid diagnosis of viral pathogens is crucial when diarrhea outbreaks occur to ensure the timely administration of appropriate treatment and control measures.

Molecular detection and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater in Thailand during 2020-2022.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in feces of infected individuals and in wastewater in many countries, which indicates that wastewater may be used to monitor contamination of the virus in community. However, information about the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in different types of environmental water and their genetic characterization are still limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 contaminating in environmental water in Thailand.

Diverse genotypes of human enteric and non-enteric adenoviruses circulating in children hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis in Thailand, from 2018 to 2021.

Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common viral pathogen that causes diarrhea in children worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and genotype diversity of HAdV strains circulating in children admitted to the hospitals with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in Chiang Mai, Thailand, from 2018 to 2021. A total of 1,790 stool samples were screened for HAdV by PCR method, and 80 (4.