External trigeminal nerve stimulation versus sham stimulation for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents aged 7-17 years: study protocol for a pilot and feasibility randomized clinical trial.

External trigeminal nerve stimulation (eTNS) is a non-invasive technique involving external cutaneous stimulation of the trigeminal nerve. In 2019, the Monarch eTNS device was approved as a treatment for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The Monarch eTNS device is designed to be applied at home, which offers a certain level of convenience but also necessitates a high degree of compliance and acceptability from the families.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of intratympanic gentamicin for patients with Ménières disease.

Background: Ménière's disease is a chronic inner ear disorder characterized by recurrent vertigo, tinnitus, aural fullness, and fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss. For patients with debilitating symptoms unresponsive to conservative treatment, intratympanic gentamicin is a therapeutic option. However, its efficacy and safety remain uncertain.

A Comparison of the Efficacy of Four Repositioning Maneuvers in the Treatment of Posterior Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo.

Purpose: The purpose of the present review was to report the effectiveness of Epley maneuver compared to other manual repositioning maneuvers (RM) for treatment of posterior benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (P-BPPV). A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library was conducted up until June 30, 2023.

Results: Primary outcomes focused on complete resolution of vertiginous symptoms measured by either a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) or the Dix-Hallpike (DH) test.

Minor tranquillizers for short-term treatment of newly onset symptoms of anxiety and distress: a systematic review with network meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Unspecific symptoms of anxiety and distress are frequently encountered in patients in both general practice and acute psychiatric services. Minor tranquillizers may be a treatment option when non-pharmacological interventions are insufficient or unavailable. We conducted a systematic review with network meta-analysis of the evidence for short-term (1-4 weeks) pharmacological treatment of newly onset symptoms of anxiety and distress.

Outcomes and Treatment Approaches for Super-Refractory Status Epilepticus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Importance: Super-refractory status epilepticus (SRSE) is defined as status epilepticus (SE) that continues or recurs 24 hours or more after the onset of anesthetic therapy or recurs on the reduction/withdrawal of anesthesia. Current clinical knowledge of the disease and optimal treatment approach is sparse.

Objective: To systematically assess clinical characteristics, causes, outcomes, prognostic factors, and treatment approaches for patients with SRSE.

The short-term and long-term adverse effects of melatonin treatment in children and adolescents: a systematic review and GRADE assessment.

Background: Currently, melatonin is used to treat children and adolescents with insomnia without knowing the full extent of the short-term and long-term consequences. Our aim was to provide clinicians and guideline panels with a systematic assessment of serious-and non-serious adverse events seen in continuation of melatonin treatment and the impact on pubertal development and bone health following long-term administration in children and adolescents with chronic insomnia.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and PsycINFO via Ovid, up to March 17, 2023, for studies on melatonin treatment among children and adolescents (aged 5-20 years) with chronic insomnia.

Use of melatonin for children and adolescents with chronic insomnia attributable to disorders beyond indication: a systematic review, meta-analysis and clinical recommendation.

Background: Melatonin has become a widely used sleeping aid for young individuals currently not included in existing guidelines. The aim was to develop a recommendation on the use of melatonin in children and adolescents aged 2-20 years, with chronic insomnia due to disorders beyond indication.

Methods: We performed a systematic search for guidelines, systematic reviews, and randomised trials (RCTs) in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, Cinahl, Guidelines International Network, Trip Database, Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, American Academy of Sleep Medicine, European Sleep Research Society and Scandinavian Health Authorities databases.

The Effects of Exercise during Pregnancy on Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Preeclampsia, and Spontaneous Abortion among Healthy Women-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim was to compare the effects of different exercise modalities (aerobic, resistance, aerobic and resistance combined, or mind-body exercise) on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), preeclampsia, spontaneous abortion, withdrawal from the study, and adverse events in healthy pregnant women. A systematic search was conducted in February 2022 using MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and SPORT Discus to identify eligible randomized trials. The meta-analysis of 18 studies that examined exercise compared to no exercise showed a reduced risk of GDM (RR: 0.

Supplement Treatment with NAC and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids during Pregnancy Partially Prevents Schizophrenia-Related Outcomes in the Poly I:C Rat Model.

Background: Heightened levels of inflammation and oxidative stress are thought to be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. We aimed to assess whether intake of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant drugs during pregnancy prevents later schizophrenia-related outcomes in a neurodevelopmental rat model of this disorder.

Methods: Pregnant Wistar rats were injected with polyriboinosinic-polyribocytidilic acid (Poly I:C) or saline and subsequently treated with either N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) until delivery.

Adolescent raloxifene treatment in females prevents cognitive deficits in a neurodevelopmental rodent model of schizophrenia.

The existence of sex differences in schizophrenia is a well documented phenomenon which led to the hypothesis that female sex hormones are neuroprotective and hence responsible for the more favorable disease characteristics seen in women. The current study sought to investigate the effects of estrogen-like agents administered during early adolescence on behavioral outcomes in adulthood using the neurodevelopmental maternal immune activation (MIA) rodent model of schizophrenia. Female MIA offspring were administered during the asymptomatic period of adolescence with either 17β-estradiol, raloxifene or saline and were tested in late adolescence and adulthood for schizophrenia-related behavioral performance.

Former Training Relieves the Later Development of Behavioral Inflexibility in an Animal Model Overexpressing the Dopamine Transporter.

A range of dopamine-dominating neuropsychiatric disorders present with cognitive deficits. In accordance, the dopamine transporter overexpressing rat model (DAT-tg rat) displays cognitive deficits by means of behavioral inflexibility and learning disabilities. It remains to be investigated when cognitive deficits emerge, due to the inherent DA irregularities, during the life course of the DAT-tg rat and what may relieve symptoms.

Intratympanic corticosteroid as salvage therapy in treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The standard treatment of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) constitutes of systemic oral corticosteroid. Although oral corticosteroid might revert the acute deafness, some patients with ISSNHL display a more treatment refractory course. For these patients, corticosteroid installed directly into the middle ear has become a more frequent treatment, due to the potential benefits of a high, local concentration compared to a systemic administration.

Psychotherapies for borderline personality disorder: a focused systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: A recently updated Cochrane review supports the efficacy of psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder (BPD).

Aims: To evaluate the effects of standalone and add-on psychotherapeutic treatments more concisely.

Method: We applied the same methods as the 2020 Cochrane review, but focused on adult samples and comparisons of active treatments and unspecific control conditions.

Nonpharmacological Treatment of Persistent Postconcussion Symptoms in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis and Guideline Recommendation.

Importance: Persistent (>4 weeks) postconcussion symptoms (PPCS) are challenging for both patients and clinicians. There is uncertainty about the effect of commonly applied nonpharmacological treatments for the management of PPCS.

Objective: To systematically assess and summarize evidence for outcomes related to 7 nonpharmacological interventions for PPCS in adults (aged >18 years) and provide recommendations for clinical practice.

Manual joint mobilisation techniques, supervised physical activity, psychological treatment, acupuncture and patient education for patients with tension-type headache. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Tension-type headache (TTH) has been ranked the second most prevalent health condition worldwide. Non-pharmacological treatments for TTH are widely used as a supplement or an alternative to medical treatment. However, the evidence for their effects are limited.

Vertiginous Episodes in Menière Disease following Transmyringeal Ventilation Tube Insertion: A Systematic Review on the Current State of Evidence.

 Menière disease (MD) is a disorder characterized by episodes of vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus and aural fullness.  To assess the effect of ventilation tube insertion (VTI) on vertiginous episodes in patients (≥ 18 years old) with MD.  A systematic literature search on randomized clinical trials (RCTs), nonrandomized trials and other systematic reviews was performed.

Efficacy and Safety of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Supplementation in the Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials.

Based on epidemiological and animal studies, the rationale for using polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) seems promising. Here, the objective was to systematically identify and critically assess the evidence from clinical trials. The primary outcome was ADHD core symptoms.

Using cortical non-invasive neuromodulation as a potential preventive treatment in schizophrenia - A review.

Background: Evidence suggests that schizophrenia constitutes a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by a gradual emergence of behavioral and neurobiological abnormalities over time. Therefore, applying early interventions to prevent later manifestation of symptoms is appealing.

Objective: This review focuses on the use of cortical neuromodulation in schizophrenia and its potential as a preventive treatment approach.

Using betahistine in the treatment of patients with Menière's disease: a meta-analysis with the current randomized-controlled evidence.

Betahistine is used worldwide to treat patients with Menière's disease. However, despite it being used for decades, diverging opinions on the effect of betahistine on Menière's symptomatology still exist. The objective of this systematic review was to provide an overview and rate the certainty of the current evidence base regarding the use of betahistine to treat patients with Menière's disease.

Current state of evidence for endolymphatic sac surgery in Menière's disease: a systematic review.

Endolymphatic sac surgery is an invasive procedure recommended to patients with Menière's disease. To provide an overview and quality assessment of the existing evidence and to provide an updated assessment of the utility of endolymphatic sac surgery in Menière's disease. We performed a systematic literature search for systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

Recurrent stress across life may improve cognitive performance in individual rats, suggesting the induction of resilience.

Depressive symptoms are often accompanied by cognitive impairments and recurrent depressive episodes are discussed as a potential risk for dementia. Especially, stressful life events are considered a potent risk factor for depression. Here, we induced recurrent stress-induced depressive episodes over the life span of rats, followed by cognitive assessment in the symptom-free period.

Intratympanic Steroid for Menière's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To investigate the beneficial effects and safety of intratympanic steroid installation compared with placebo in patients with Menière's disease.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in MEDLINE and EMBASE for existing systematic reviews and individual randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Studies were included if they investigated the usage intratympanic steroids in patients aged 18 and above, with definite or probable Menière's disease.