Ethics of deceased organ donation and normothermic regional perfusion: donors are 'dead enough'.

Purpose Of Review: Normothermic regional perfusion (NRP) for the donation after circulatory death (DCD) increases the supply and function of organs. However, the procedures used have led to significant ethical controversies. Despite the numerous studies on the subject, moral issues are seldom analyzed comparatively.

Ethics of managed care in renal transplantation: the principal approach and alignment of incentives create an ethical system.

Purpose Of Review: Organ transplantation is a vital medical procedure that saves and extends lives. However, it requires a careful balance of resources, which are often limited by managed care constraints. Renal transplantation is the definitive treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Examining Undergraduates' Intentions to Pursue a Science Career: A Longitudinal Study of a National Biomedical Training Initiative.

Disparities in the participation of individuals from historically excluded groups in science careers persist, particularly at advanced career stages. In response to this challenge, the National Institutes of Health developed the BUilding Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) initiative, aimed at undergraduate institutions to examine evidence-based strategies to engage and retain students across science-related fields. In this longitudinal study, we used propensity score matching and mixed-effects logistic regression models to examine the effects of BUILD on undergraduates' intentions to pursue science-related research careers.

Research, Science Identity, and Intent to Pursue a Science Career: A BUILD Intervention Evaluation at CSULB.

This paper presents an analysis of survey data to examine the association between participating in one of the National Institute of Health's (NIH) funded Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity Initiative (BUILD) program and students' intent to pursue a career in science. Data were collected from students at California State University Long Beach (CSULB) to examine the effectiveness of the BUILD Scholars program. Both BUILD Scholars and non-BUILD students were surveyed.

Ethics of abortion in transplantation.

Purpose Of Review: The controversial medical procedure of abortion is the subject of this article. It argues that for transplant patients, including recipients, abortion is ethical.

Recent Findings: In June 2022, the United States Supreme Court overturned the long-standing decision of Roe v.

Investigating the relationship between participation in the building infrastructure leading to diversity (BUILD) initiative and intent to pursue a science career: A cross-sectional analysis.

This paper presents an analysis of survey data to examine the association between supervised structured mentoring and students' intent to pursue a career in science. Data were collected from students in the 10 Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) research training programs, developed through grants from the National Institutes of Health. Propensity score matching and multinomial logistic regression demonstrated that exposure to BUILD programs-meaning participation in undergraduate research, receipt of mentoring from a primary mentor, and/or participation as a funded scholar and/or associate of each BUILD site's training program-was associated with increased intent to pursue a science career.

Implementing case study design to evaluate diverse institutions and STEM education contexts: Lessons and key areas for systematic study.

This chapter highlights the important contributions of case study research to the evaluation of student-centered programs and broader STEM initiatives in higher education. We summarize the Diversity Program Consortium's case study evaluation of the Building Infrastructure Leading to Diversity (BUILD) initiative, funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), with aims to enhance diversity in the NIH-funded workforce. We describe lessons learned from the case study design used for the evaluation of BUILD that applies to administrators of STEM initiatives who are interested in case study methods and to evaluators who are familiar with case studies and tasked with program evaluation of a multisite STEM program.

A cross-case analysis of developing program sustainability and institutionalization in early stages of a multisite biomedical student diversity initiative.

Background: Grant funding often drives innovative programming in efforts to enhance diversity in biomedical fields, yet strategies for sustainability of grant-funded biomedical intervention are not well understood. Additionally, as funding agencies shift toward supporting institutional change to biomedical training, less is known about the extent to which sustainability strategies can support long-term institutionalization of the original goals of the grant-funded initiative. The purpose of this study is twofold: to identify strategies used by grant-funded programs for promoting sustainability, and to examine the interrelations between the concepts of sustainability and institutionalization during early stages of grant-funded biomedical career training efforts.

Laboratory information management software for engineered mini-protein therapeutic workflow.

Background: Protein based therapeutics are one of the fastest growing classes of novel medical interventions in areas such as cancer, infectious disease, and inflammation. Protein engineering plays an important role in the optimization of desired therapeutic properties such as reducing immunogenicity, increasing stability for storage, increasing target specificity, etc. One category of protein therapeutics is nature-inspired bioengineered cystine-dense peptides (CDPs) for various biological targets.

Low-cost Method for Obtaining Medical Rapid Prototyping Using Desktop 3D printing: A Novel Technique for Mandibular Reconstruction Planning.

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is relatively a new technology with clinical applications, which enable us to create rapid accurate prototype of the selected anatomic region, making it possible to plan complex surgery and pre-bend hardware for individual surgical cases. This study aimed to express our experience with the use of medical rapid prototype (MRP) of the maxillofacial region created by desktop 3D printer and its application in maxillofacial reconstructive surgeries.

Material And Methods: Three patients with benign mandible tumors were included in this study after obtaining informed consent.

Risk factors for Chagas disease among pregnant women in El Salvador.

Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of Chagas disease among pregnant women and estimate the risk factors for Chagas disease during pregnancies.

Methods: Community-based serological tests on Trypanosoma cruzi and structured interviews on socio-demographic and socio-economic status were conducted with pregnant women registered at three health centres in Sonsonate province, El Salvador.

Results: Of 797 pregnant women participating in the study, 29 (3.

The "knucklehead" approach and what matters in terms of health for formerly incarcerated Latino men.

In terms of the examination of the relationship between masculinity and health, there has been limited exploration of how the ways in which formerly incarcerated Latino men (FILM) construct their masculinities may conflict with public health messages. Using information gained from three years of ethnographic research that was conducted with formerly incarcerated Puerto Rican males in three urban communities in New York City, the authors examine what matters to FILM in terms of their health and well-being and what conflicts exist between public health prevention messages and FILM masculinity. Our results indicate the following: (1) major threats to the health of FILM, such as HIV risk behavior, alcohol and drug use and high caloric intake, are perceived as irrelevant to most of the FILM in the study; (2) young FILM believe that they engage in risky behaviors because of their "knucklehead" mentality and diminish their risks by becoming "street-smart;" and (3) social isolation, loneliness and general risk-taking behavior among FILM are salient issues that have yet to be effectively addressed.

FlyExpress: visual mining of spatiotemporal patterns for genes and publications in Drosophila embryogenesis.

Summary: Images containing spatial expression patterns illuminate the roles of different genes during embryogenesis. In order to generate initial clues to regulatory interactions, biologists frequently need to know the set of genes expressed at the same time at specific locations in a developing embryo, as well as related research publications. However, text-based mining of image annotations and research articles cannot produce all relevant results, because the primary data are images that exist as graphical objects.

ATAQS: A computational software tool for high throughput transition optimization and validation for selected reaction monitoring mass spectrometry.

Background: Since its inception, proteomics has essentially operated in a discovery mode with the goal of identifying and quantifying the maximal number of proteins in a sample. Increasingly, proteomic measurements are also supporting hypothesis-driven studies, in which a predetermined set of proteins is consistently detected and quantified in multiple samples. Selected reaction monitoring (SRM) is a targeted mass spectrometric technique that supports the detection and quantification of specific proteins in complex samples at high sensitivity and reproducibility.

The Protein Information and Property Explorer 2: gaggle-like exploration of biological proteomic data within one webpage.

The Protein Information and Property Explorer 2 (PIPE2) is an enhanced software program and updated web application that aims at providing the proteomic researcher a simple, intuitive user interface through which to begin inquiry into the biological significance of a list of proteins typically produced by MS/MS proteomic processing software. PIPE2 includes an improved interface, new data visualization options, and new data analysis methods for combining disparate, but related, data sets. In particular, PIPE2 has been enhanced to handle multi-dimensional data such as protein abundance, gene expression, and/or interaction data.

Effectiveness of rotavirus vaccination against childhood diarrhoea in El Salvador: case-control study.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a monovalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus disease and to assess its impact on diarrhoea in children aged less than 2 years after national introduction in El Salvador, a low-middle income country in Central America.

Design: Matched case-control study.

Setting: Seven hospitals in cities across El Salvador, January 2007 to June 2009.

The complete genome sequence of Roseobacter denitrificans reveals a mixotrophic rather than photosynthetic metabolism.

Purple aerobic anoxygenic phototrophs (AAPs) are the only organisms known to capture light energy to enhance growth only in the presence of oxygen but do not produce oxygen. The highly adaptive AAPs compose more than 10% of the microbial community in some euphotic upper ocean waters and are potentially major contributors to the fixation of the greenhouse gas CO2. We present the complete genomic sequence and feature analysis of the AAP Roseobacter denitrificans, which reveal clues to its physiology.

Histologic evaluation and treatment outcome after sequential radiofrequency ablation and hepatic resection for primary and metastatic tumors.

Operative manipulation during hepatic resection (HR) causes tumor cell shedding which is a factor in disease recurrence. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) causes coagulative necrosis and was used to destroy the tumor before HR. We evaluated tumor necrosis and recurrence of hepatic malignancies treated by sequential RFA/HR.

Comparison of transarterial chemoembolization in patients with unresectable, diffuse vs focal hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hypothesis: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is beneficial for selected patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Design And Setting: A prospective comparison study in a tertiary hospital.

Study Period: November 21, 1995, to May 2, 2001, with a mean follow-up of 939 days.