Bayesian inference in racial health inequity analyses for noncommunicable diseases: a systematic review.

Background: Health inequalities are differences in health status or in the distribution of resources and opportunities between different population groups. Bayesian models are well-suited to address the special features and uncertainties in inequality analyses, making them useful for informing policymaking. This research reviewed the use of Bayesian models in racial health equity studies focused on non-communicable diseases.

carriage, antimicrobial resistance, and serotype distribution in children and adults from Paraguay in the post-vaccinal era.

Introduction: Infections due to , including pneumonia and meningitis, are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in low-and lower middle-income countries (LMICs) worldwide. Most reviews highlight the geographical differences in serotype replacement and antibiotic resistance observed through invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) surveillance, predominantly in high-income countries; however, data from many LMICs remain limited or poorly characterized. This study was conducted among healthy children aged 2-59 months and adults living in the same household, to determine pneumococcal carriage rates, serotype distribution, and the serotypes associated with antibiotic resistance profiles, following the introduction of PCV10/PCV13.

Vesicular monoamine transporter 2 density increases without changing D₂ receptors in the striatum body of the rat following a high-sucrose diet.

High-sucrose diet (HSD) has been related to cognitive impairments and caloric imbalance. A common link among them all is the dopamine (DA) system. However, the impact of HSD on vesicular monoamine transporter 2 and dopamine D₂ receptor is controversial.

Hippocampal Granule Cells Downregulate Their GABAergic Phenotype and Deactivate Its Activity-Dependent Reinduction in Culture Conditions.

Hippocampal granule cells express GABAergic and glutamatergic phenotype markers during development; hence, they corelease GABA and glutamate. In the adult, the GABAergic phenotype is switched off; however, increased excitability upregulates the GABAergic phenotype and thus, granule cells corelease glutamate and GABA. Previous work shows that short-term cultures (24 h) of dissociated granule cells prepared from adult rats, which do not express GAD or VGAT, can express these markers when exposed to kainic acid and BDNF.

Metabolic Profile of in Dwyer's Media with and Without Rice Starch.

Background And Objectives: , the causative agent of histomonosis (i.e., blackhead disease), threatens the poultry industry with serious economic losses due to its high mortality and morbidity in turkey and chicken flocks.

The costs and financing needs of delivering Kenya's primary health care service package.

Introduction: For many Kenyans, high-quality primary health care (PHC) services remain unavailable, inaccessible, or unaffordable. To address these challenges, the Government of Kenya has committed to strengthening the country's PHC system by introducing a comprehensive package of PHC services and promoting the efficient use of existing resources through its primary care network approach. Our study estimated the costs of delivering PHC services in public sector facilities in seven sub-counties, comparing actual costs to normative costs of delivering Kenya's PHC package and determining the corresponding financial resource gap to achieving universal coverage.

Temporal metabolic profiling of bone healing in a caprine tibia segmental defect model.

Bone tissue engineering is an emerging field of regenerative medicine, with a wide array of biomaterial technologies and therapeutics employed. However, it is difficult to objectively compare these various treatments during various stages of tissue response. Metabolomics is rapidly emerging as a powerful analytical tool to establish broad-spectrum metabolic signatures for a target biological system.

Microbial survival mechanisms within serpentinizing Mariana forearc sediments.

Marine deep subsurface sediment is often a microbial environment under energy-limited conditions. However, microbial life has been found to persist and even thrive in deep subsurface environments. The Mariana forearc represents an ideal location for determining how microbial life can withstand extreme conditions including pH 10-12.

Deliberative processes in decision making informed by health technology assessment in Latin America.

Objective: The objective of Health Technology Assessment International's 6th Latin America Policy Form, held in 2021, was to explore the implementation of deliberative processes in the framework of health technology assessment (HTA) and how agencies in the region could involve stakeholders in this process.

Methods: This paper is based on a preparatory survey, a background document, and the deliberative work of participants at the virtual Forum conducted in 2021. There were ninety-one participants in the open session and fifty-two in the closed sessions, representing twelve countries and diverse areas of the health sector.

Metabolomic Profiles in Starved Light Breed Horses during the Refeeding Process.

The large population of emaciated horses continues to be an issue troubling the equine industry. However, little is known regarding the collection of equine metabolites (metabolome) during a malnourished state and the changes that occur throughout nutritional rehabilitation. In this study, ten emaciated horses underwent a refeeding process, during which blood samples were collected for a blood chemistry panel and metabolomics analysis via ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS).

Assessing progression of health technology assessment implementation in Asia: a balanced scorecard for cross comparison of selected countries in Asia.

Objective: To provide an update on the use of health technology assessment (HTA) in Asia and lessons for countries seeking to advance HTA.

Methods: Build upon the research by Chootipongchaivat and the World Health Organization identifying eighteen "factors conducive to the development of HTA in Asia." These factors were used to create a balanced scorecard to assess the progress of HTA, measuring progress against each factor in China, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.

Preovulatory serum estradiol concentration is positively associated with oocyte ATP and follicular fluid metabolite abundance in lactating beef cattle.

Cattle induced to ovulate a small, physiologically immature preovulatory follicle had reduced oocyte developmental competence that resulted in decreased embryo cleavage and day 7 embryo quality compared with animals induced to ovulate a more advanced follicle. RNA-sequencing was performed on oocytes and their corresponding cumulus cells approximately 23 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration to induce the preovulatory gonadotropin surge suggested reduced capacity for glucose metabolism and oxidative phosphorylation in the cumulus cells and oocytes from follicles ≤11.7 mm, respectively.

Duodenal Metabolic Profile Changes in Heat-Stressed Broilers.

Heat stress (HS) is devastating to poultry production sustainability worldwide. In addition to its adverse effects on growth, welfare, meat quality, and mortality, HS alters the gut integrity, leading to dysbiosis and leaky gut syndrome; however, the underlying mechanisms are not fully defined. Here, we used a high-throughput mass spectrometric metabolomics approach to probe the metabolite profile in the duodenum of modern broilers exposed to acute (AHS, 2 h) or chronic cyclic (CHS, 8 h/day for 2 weeks) HS in comparison with thermoneutral (TN) and pair-fed birds.

A Sea Anemone Venom Fraction Decreases Boar Sperm Cells Capacitation: Possible Involvement of HVA Calcium Channels.

Sea anemones produce venoms characterized by a complex mixture of low molecular weight compounds, proteins and peptides acting on voltage-gated ion channels. Mammal sperm cells, like neurons, are characterized by their ion channels. Calcium channels seem to be implicated in pivotal roles such as motility and capacitation.

Gut Microbiome and Metabolome Variations in Self-Identified Muscle Builders Who Report Using Protein Supplements.

Muscle builders frequently consume protein supplements, but little is known about their effect on the gut microbiota. This study compared the gut microbiome and metabolome of self-identified muscle builders who did or did not report consuming a protein supplement. Twenty-two participants (14 males and 8 females) consumed a protein supplement (PS), and seventeen participants (12 males and 5 females) did not (No PS).

Trait Energy and Fatigue May Be Connected to Gut Bacteria among Young Physically Active Adults: An Exploratory Study.

Recent scientific evidence suggests that traits energy and fatigue are two unique unipolar moods with distinct mental and physical components. This exploratory study investigated the correlation between mental energy (ME), mental fatigue (MF), physical energy (PE), physical fatigue (PF), and the gut microbiome. The four moods were assessed by survey, and the gut microbiome and metabolome were determined from 16 S rRNA analysis and untargeted metabolomics analysis, respectively.

Correlation between Pre-Ovulatory Follicle Diameter and Follicular Fluid Metabolome Profiles in Lactating Beef Cows.

Induced ovulation of small pre-ovulatory follicles reduced pregnancy rates, embryo survival, day seven embryo quality, and successful embryo cleavage in beef cows undergoing fixed-time artificial insemination. RNA-sequencing of oocytes and associated cumulus cells collected from pre-ovulatory follicles 23 h after gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) administration to induce the pre-ovulatory gonadotropin surge suggested reduced capacity for glucose metabolism in cumulus cells of follicles ≤11.7 mm.

Motor learning impairment in rats under a high sucrose diet.

Motor learning skills are reliable indicators of behavioral acquisition and cognitive disorders. The ease with which learning skills are measured disparities the complexity of the interpretation concerning neural plasticity. Conversely, a wealth of information regarding metabolic derangements has long been reported with direct connection to high sucrose diets.

Comparative Decomposition of Humans and Pigs: Soil Biogeochemistry, Microbial Activity and Metabolomic Profiles.

Vertebrate decomposition processes have important ecological implications and, in the case of human decomposition, forensic applications. Animals, especially domestic pigs (), are frequently used as human analogs in forensic decomposition studies. However, recent research shows that humans and pigs do not necessarily decompose in the same manner, with differences in decomposition rates, patterns, and scavenging.

Correction to: HTA and MCDA solely or combined? The case of priority-setting in Colombia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s12962-018-0127-6.].

Muscle Metabolome Profiles in Woody Breast-(un)Affected Broilers: Effects of Quantum Blue Phytase-Enriched Diet.

Woody breast (WB) myopathy is significantly impacting modern broilers and is imposing a huge economic burden on the poultry industry worldwide. Yet, its etiology is not fully defined. In a previous study, we have shown that hypoxia and the activation of its upstream mediators (AKT/PI3K/mTOR) played a key role in WB myopathy, and supplementation of quantum blue (QB) can help to reduce WB severity via modulation of hypoxia-related pathways.

Nitrogen flux into metabolites and microcystins changes in response to different nitrogen sources in Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843.

The over-enrichment of nitrogen (N) in the environment has contributed to severe and recurring harmful cyanobacterial blooms, especially by the non-N -fixing Microcystis spp. N chemical speciation influences cyanobacterial growth, persistence and the production of the hepatotoxin microcystin, but the physiological mechanisms to explain these observations remain unresolved. Stable-labelled isotopes and metabolomics were employed to address the influence of nitrate, ammonium, and urea on cellular physiology and production of microcystins in Microcystis aeruginosa NIES-843.