AI Tools in Academia: Evaluating NotebookLM as a Tool for Conducting Literature Reviews.

Objective: The proliferation of access to generative AI tools has the potential to radically alter the process of writing manuscripts. This report evaluates NotebookLM as a tool for conducting a literature review in an ethical and responsible manner.

Method: We uploaded 22 relevant papers from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) to NotebookLM and asked questions pertaining to a hypothetical research paper.

Effects of heat stress and depressed feed intake on the cecal and ileal microbiota of broiler chickens.

Chronic heat stress (HS) is known to depress feed intake (FI) and growth in broiler chickens, and may alter the gut microbiota and health, however, the amplitude and duration of each (HS and depressed FI) effect on gut microbiota is still unclear. This study aimed to determine the effects of chronic and acute HS on the cecal and ileal microbiota profiles. Broilers were subjected to thermoneutral (TN, 23°C) or chronic cyclic HS (CHS, 8 h/d, 35°C) condition from d29-42, and one group to acute HS (AHS, 2 h, 35°C) at d42.

Breast muscle myopathies: twists and turns in modern broilers.

Although poultry meat production supports the livelihood and provides food security for billions of people worldwide, it is facing substantial challenges. The emergence of broiler breast myopathies (white striping, woody breast, spaghetti meat) at large scale is one of the most significant economic and welfare challenges that menace poultry production sustainability and for which there is no effective prevention yet, due to its unknown etiologies.Here, by inviting and gathering several experts with diverse, but complementary disciplines, the objective of the present review is to highlight the current progress and knowledge on these myopathies.

Navigating Hybrid Work: Reflecting on Experiences of Mental Health Providers in an Academic Medical Center.

BackgroundThe need to rapidly adapt to patient, learner and market needs during the pandemic has led to an expanded focus on telework and telehealth. Now, with increasing calls to return part-time to in-person work, there is a growing need for guidance on making the deliberate and thoughtful change to hybrid work. Hybrid work introduces challenges related to physical space, education and supervision, and presenteeism.

Effect of heat stress on ileal epithelial barrier integrity in broilers divergently selected for high- and low-water efficiency.

Water scarcity and rising global temperatures are two of the greatest current and future threats to poultry sustainability. Therefore, selection for water efficiency (WE) and heat resilience are of vital importance. Additionally, intestinal integrity is of critical importance under challenging conditions to maintain nutrient absorption and therefore, growth and performance of broilers.

Viability of Partial Heart Transplant Grafts During Prolonged Cold Preservation Suggests That Longer Donor Cold Chain Logistics May Be Feasible.

Background: Partial heart transplantation (PHT) is a new type of transplant that delivers growing heart valve implants for children. However, the acceptable ischemia time for PHTs remains unexplored. Therefore, the ischemia time for PHTs is empirically limited to orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) ischemia time of 4-6 h because the valves contained in OHTs are known to grow.

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of woody breast myopathy in broiler chickens.

The woody breast (WB) myopathy poses significant economic and welfare concerns to the poultry industry, however, there is no effective strategy to mitigate this pathology due to its unknown etiology. After showing previously that hypoxia is a key factor in WB progression, we used here various techniques demonstrating dysregulated mitochondria (morphology, biogenesis, tethering, function, and bioenergetics) in WB-affected muscles and in hypoxic myoblasts compared to healthy tissues and normoxic cells, respectively. The increased levels of calcium (Ca) in both WB-affected tissues and hypoxic myoblasts suggested that mitochondrial Ca overload is likely a leading cause for mitochondrial dysfunction that merits further in-depth investigation.

Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Bictegravir in Pregnant and Postpartum Persons With HIV and Their Infants.

Background: Limited data exist on bictegravir pharmacokinetics in pregnancy among persons with HIV (PWH) and infant washout.

Setting: Nonrandomized, open-label, multicenter phase-IV prospective study of bictegravir pharmacokinetics and safety in pregnant PWH and their infants.

Methods: Steady-state 24-hour pharmacokinetic sampling of oral bictegravir 50 mg once daily (a component of fixed-dose combination bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide) during the second and third trimesters and postpartum was performed.

Central regulation of drinking water in divergently selected high-water-efficient young broiler chickens: A minireview.

Poultry production is confronting real challenges, including a lofty projected high demand for animal proteins to feed the future, and the need to adapt to planetary boundaries (global warming) with limited natural resources (land, energy, water). Among the most challenging stressors to poultry production sustainability are heat stress (HS) and water uncertainty, that need extensive fundamental and applied research to identify effective strategies. In that regard, our group has recently developed a high-water-efficient broiler (meat-type) chicken line using water conversion ratio (WCR) as a phenotypic trait and defined the hypothalamic molecular mechanisms controlling drinking water under heat stress conditions.

Water homeostasis gene expression in the kidney of broilers divergently selected for water conversion ratio.

Divergent selection of broilers for water conversion ratio has established and high-(HWE) and low- water efficient (LWE) broiler lines. Two 2 × 2 factorial experiments were conducted to assess the gene expression profile of systems involved in renal water homeostasis. In Exp.

Research note: Increased lipid accumulation within broiler preadipocytes during differentiation in vitro at atmospheric oxygen tension.

In the broiler industry, intensive genetic selection has been placed on muscle growth which has undesirably led to increased fat accretion. Models of chicken preadipocyte differentiation in vitro have conventionally used incubators without the ability to control oxygen (O) tension; thus, the cells are exposed to atmospheric (∼20-21%) O, which is supraphysiological compared to the O tension within adipose tissue. The objective of this study was to investigate embryonic broiler preadipocyte differentiation at different O tensions, including atmospheric (20%), physiological (5%), and hypoxic (1%).

Effect of Heat Stress on the Expression of Circulating Cyto(chemo)kine and Inflammatory Markers in Broiler Chickens Selected for High- or Low-water Efficiency.

Background: Water scarcity is a current, significant global concern that will only increase under the pressure of climate change. Improving water efficiency of poultry is a new and promising area to help temper agriculture's future impact on fresh water availability. Here, we explored the effects of acute heat stress (HS) on circulating stress and inflammatory markers in 2 lines of broilers divergently selected for water efficiency.

Vitreous tissue cryopreservation using a blood vessel model and cryomacroscopy for scale-up studies: Observations and mathematical modeling.

Successful long-term cryobanking of multicellular tissues and organs at deep subzero temperatures calls for the avoidance of ice cryoinjury by reliance upon ice-free cryopreservation techniques. However, the quality of the cryopreserved material is the direct result of its ability to survive a host of harmful mechanisms, chief among which is overcoming the trifecta effects of ice crystallization, toxicity, and mechanical stress. This study aims at exploring improved conditions to scale-up ice-free cryopreservation by combining DP6 as a base cryoprotective agent (CPA) solution with an array of synthetic ice modulators (SIMs).

"What Is the Point of Human Beings?".

Climate change caused by human activities is a serious threat to the survival of our species, and one that we have not yet mustered the perspective and the will to address. Our vision tends to focus on what is useful to ourselves as individuals in the short term, instead of more broadly on what is needed for the long-term good of our species. We do not consider what our purpose and role could be in the life of our planet.

Effects of an herbal adaptogen feed-additive on feeding-related hypothalamic neuropeptides in chronic cyclic heat-stressed chickens.

Heat stress (HS) is a global serious issue in the poultry industry with numerous adverse effects, including increased stress, depressed feed intake (FI), poor growth performance and higher mortality. Herbal adaptogens, plant extracts considered as stress response modifiers, are metabolic regulators that improve an organism's ability to adapt to and minimize damage from environmental stresses. Previously, we showed that herbal adaptogen supplementation increased FI and body weight (BW) of broiler (meat-type) chickens reared under HS conditions.

Dietary inclusion of phytase and stimbiotic decreases mortality and lameness in a wire ramp challenge model in broilers.

Wire ramp model reproducibly induced lameness/BCO in broilers.Treatments did not affect growth, but phytase with stimbiotic significantly reduced BCO.Phytase increased circulating inositol, and wire flooring decreased bone inositol.

Effect of a microencapsulated phyto/phycogenic blend supplementation on growth performance, processing parameters, meat quality, and sensory profile in male broilers.

Powered by consumer taste, value, and preferences, natural products including phytogenics and algae are increasingly and separately used in the food systems where they have been reported to improve growth performance in poultry and livestock. The present study aimed to determine the effects of a new feed additive, microencapsulated NUQO© NEX, which contains a combination of phytogenic and phycogenic, on broiler growth performance, blood chemistry, bone health, meat quality and sensory profile. Male Cobb500 chicks ( = 1,197) were fed a 3-phase feeding intervals; 1-14d starter, 15-28d grower, and 29-40d finisher.

Effect of heat stress on the hypothalamic expression profile of water homeostasis-associated genes in low- and high-water efficient chicken lines.

With climate change, selection for water efficiency and heat resilience are vitally important. We undertook this study to determine the effect of chronic cyclic heat stress (HS) on the hypothalamic expression profile of water homeostasis-associated markers in high (HWE)- and low (LWE)-water efficient chicken lines. HS significantly elevated core body temperatures of both lines.

Effect of heat stress on the hypothalamic expression of water channel- and noncoding RNA biogenesis-related genes in modern broilers and their ancestor red jungle fowl.

Genetic selection for high growth rate has resulted in spectacular progress in feed efficiency in chickens. As feed intake and water consumption (WC) are associated and both are affected by environmental conditions, we evaluated WC and its hypothalamic regulation in three broiler-based research lines and their ancestor jungle fowl (JF) under heat stress (HS) conditions. Slow growing ACRB, moderate growing 95RB, fast growing MRB, and JF were exposed to daily chronic cyclic HS (36 °C, 9 h/d) or thermoneutral temperature (24 °C).

Impact of Phytase Supplementation on Meat Quality of Heat-Stressed Broilers.

Heat stress (HS) is one of the most challenging stressors to poultry production sustainability. The adverse effects of HS range from feed intake and growth depression to alteration of meat quality and safety. As phytase supplementation is known to improve nutrient utilization and consequently growth, we undertook the present study to evaluate the effects of dietary phytase on growth and meat quality in heat-stressed broilers.

The effects of essential oil from Lippia origanoides and herbal betaine on performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress.

Essential oils (EO) affect performance, intestinal integrity, bone mineralization, and meat quality in broiler chickens subjected to cyclic heat stress (HS). Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 male broiler chicks ( = 475) were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1: No heat stress (Thermoneutral) + control diets with no antibiotics; Group 2: heat stress control + control diets; Group 3: heat stress + control diets supplemented with thymol chemotype (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO1; Group 4: heat stress + control diets supplemented with phellandrene (45 ppm) and herbal betaine (150 ppm) formulation EO2.

Bone Metabolite Profile Differs between Normal and Femur Head Necrosis (FHN/BCO)-Affected Broilers: Implications for Dysregulated Metabolic Cascades in FHN Pathophysiology.

Femur head necrosis (FHN), also known as bacterial chondronecrosis with osteomyelitis (BCO), has remained an animal welfare and production concern for modern broilers regardless of efforts to select against it in primary breeder flocks. Characterized by the bacterial infection of weak bone, FHN has been found in birds without clinical lameness and remains only detectable via necropsy. This presents an opportunity to utilize untargeted metabolomics to elucidate potential non-invasive biomarkers and key causative pathways involved in FHN pathology.