A Hybrid Approach Combining Dual-Energy and Inpainting Methods for Metal Artifact Reduction in Dentomaxillofacial CBCT: A Proof-of-Concept Phantom Study.

Purpose: Image inaccuracies and distortions are amplified in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), with beam hardening and metal artifacts being particularly pronounced, thereby complicating diagnostic interpretation. An approach, combining dual-energy CBCT based projection-domain material decomposition with virtual monochromatic imaging (VMI) technique, was leveraged to mitigate beam hardening artifacts originating from dental restorative and prosthetic materials on a diagnostic CBCT scanner in a phantom setting.

Methods: Severe artifact-causing dental restorative and prosthetic materials were identified from the literature and six of them were selected for the study.

Changing Clinical Spectrum and Disease Progression in Young Patients With Bladder Cancer: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Background Bladder cancer is a rare entity in young adults, and the course of the disease is not well defined. This study aims to analyze the clinical characteristics, risk factors, disease progression, and survival outcomes of bladder cancer patients aged 40 years or younger. Methods A retrospective review was conducted of 162 young bladder cancer patients treated from August 2017 to May 2024.

Mucinous Cystadenoma Arising in Post-Treatment Non-Seminomatous Germ Cell Tumor: A Rare Occurrence.

Germ cell tumors, the most common of the testicular neoplasms, originate from primordial germ cells. These tumors are known for their totipotent nature, capable of differentiating into various cell types. This case report presents a rare occurrence of mucinous cystadenoma in a patient who received chemotherapy for metastatic left non-seminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT) of the testis.

Deep learning architecture for scatter estimation in cone-beam computed tomography head imaging with varying field-of-measurement settings.

Purpose: X-ray scatter causes considerable degradation in the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) image quality. To estimate the scatter, deep learning-based methods have been demonstrated to be effective. Modern CBCT systems can scan a wide range of field-of-measurement (FOM) sizes.

Impact of Social Media and Photo-Editing Practice on Seeking Cosmetic Dermatology Care.

Background: The use of social media and photo-editing practice has grown enormously over the past decades. Photo editing can alter a person's desire to look better in photographs posted on social media platforms.

Objective: To assess the cosmetic dermatology seeking behavior of social media users and those who edit photographs before posting them on social media platforms.

Comparison of the Performance of a Novel, Smartphone-based, Head-mounted Perimeter (GearVision) With the Humphrey Field Analyzer.

Precis: The agreement between a head-mounted perimeter [GearVision (GV)] and Humphrey field analyzer (HFA) for total threshold sensitivity was a mean difference of -1.9 dB (95% limits of agreement -5 to 1). GV was the preferred perimeter in 68.

Recombinant Enaction: Manipulatives Generate New Procedures in the Imagination, by Extending and Recombining Action Spaces.

Manipulation of physical models such as tangrams and tiles is a popular approach to teaching early mathematics concepts. This pedagogical approach is extended by new computational media, where mathematical entities such as equations and vectors can be virtually manipulated. The cognitive and neural mechanisms supporting such manipulation-based learning-particularly how actions generate new internal structures that support problem-solving-are not understood.

Measuring in-use ship emissions with international and U.S. federal methods.

Unlabelled: Regulatory agencies have shifted their emphasis from measuring emissions during certification cycles to measuring emissions during actual use. Emission measurements in this research were made from two different large ships at sea to compare the Simplified Measurement Method (SMM) compliant with the International Maritime Organization (IMO) NOx Technical Code to the Portable Emission Measurement Systems (PEMS) compliant with the US. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) Part 1065 for on-road emission testing.

Greenhouse gas and criteria emission benefits through reduction of vessel speed at sea.

Reducing emissions from ocean-going vessels (OGVs) as they sail near populated areas is a widely recognized goal, and Vessel Speed Reduction (VSR) is one of several strategies that is being adopted by regulators and port authorities. The goal of this research was to measure the emission benefits associated with greenhouse gas and criteria pollutants by operating OGVs at reduced speed. Emissions were measured from one Panamax and one post-Panamax class container vessels as their vessel speed was reduced from cruise to 15 knots or below.

Real-time gaseous, PM and ultrafine particle emissions from a modern marine engine operating on biodiesel.

Emissions from harbor-craft significantly affect air quality in populated regions near ports and inland waterways. This research measured regulated and unregulated emissions from an in-use EPA Tier 2 marine propulsion engine on a ferry operating in a bay following standard methods. A special effort was made to monitor continuously both the total Particulate Mass (PM) mass emissions and the real-time Particle Size Distribution (PSD).

Primary particulate matter from ocean-going engines in the Southern California Air Basin.

The impact of primary fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from ship emissions within the Southern California Air Basin is quantified by comparing in-stack vanadium (V) and nickel (Ni) measurements from in-use ocean-going vessels (OGVs) with ambient measurements made at 10 monitoring stations throughout Southern California. V and Ni are demonstrated as robust markers for the combustion of heavy fuel oil in OGVs, and ambient measurements of fine particulate V and Ni within Southern California are shown to decrease inversely with increased distance from the ports of Los Angeles and Long Beach (ports).

Comprehensive simultaneous shipboard and airborne characterization of exhaust from a modern container ship at sea.

We report the first joint shipboard and airborne study focused on the chemical composition and water-uptake behavior of particulate ship emissions. The study focuses on emissions from the main propulsion engine of a Post-Panamax class container ship cruising off the central coast of California and burning heavy fuel oil. Shipboard sampling included micro-orifice uniform deposit impactors (MOUDI) with subsequent off-line analysis, whereas airborne measurements involved a number of real-time analyzers to characterize the plume aerosol, aged from a few seconds to over an hour.

Emission measurements from a crude oil tanker at sea.

This work presents an all-inclusive set of regulated and nonregulated emission factors for the main propulsion engine (ME), auxiliary engine (AE) and an auxiliary boiler on a Suezmax class tanker while operating at sea. The data include criteria pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter), a greenhouse gas (carbon dioxide), the principal speciated hydrocarbons needed for human health risk assessments, and a detailed analysis of the PM into its primary constituents (ions, elements, organic, and elemental carbon). Measurements followed ISO 8178-1 methods with modifications described in the paper.