Overall cancer risk in people with deleterious germline variants.

Germline loss-of-function (LoF) DDX41 variants predispose to late-onset hematopoietic malignancies (HM), predominantly of myeloid lineage. Among 43 families with germline DDX41LoF variants, bone marrow (BM) biopsies in those without (N=8) or with malignancies (N=21) revealed mild dysplasia in peripheral blood (57%) and BM (88%), long before the average age of DDX41-related HM onset. Therefore, we recommend baseline BM biopsies in people with germline DDX41LoF alleles to avoid over-diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes.

Feasibility and limitations of cultured skin fibroblasts for germline genetic testing in hematologic disorders.

To avoid acquired variants found in the blood, cultured skin fibroblasts are a recommended DNA source for germline genetic testing in patients with hematologic disorders, but data are lacking regarding practicality and limitations. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 350 subjects with hematologic disorders who underwent skin fibroblast culture for germline genetic testing. We analyzed next-generation sequencing data from the targeted capture of 144 inherited cancer and bonemarrow failure genes to identify variants at heterozygous and subclonal variant allele frequencies.

Novel compound heterozygous LRBA deletions in a 6-month-old with neonatal diabetes.

We report a 6-month-old boy with antibody-positive insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Sequencing identified compound heterozygous deletions of exon 5 and exons 36-37 in LRBA. At three years, he has yet to exhibit any other immune symptoms.

Telomere biology disorder prevalence and phenotypes in adults with familial hematologic and/or pulmonary presentations.

Telomere biology disorders (TBDs) present heterogeneously, ranging from infantile bone marrow failure associated with very short telomeres to adult-onset interstitial lung disease (ILD) with normal telomere length. Yield of genetic testing and phenotypic spectra for TBDs caused by the expanding list of telomere genes in adults remain understudied. Thus, we screened adults aged ≥18 years with a personal and/or family history clustering hematologic disorders and/or ILD enrolled on The University of Chicago Inherited Hematologic Disorders Registry for causative variants in 13 TBD genes.

Rapid and enhanced remote homology detection by cascading hidden Markov model searches in sequence space.

Motivation: In the post-genomic era, automatic annotation of protein sequences using computational homology-based methods is highly desirable. However, often protein sequences diverge to an extent where detection of homology and automatic annotation transfer is not straightforward. Sophisticated approaches to detect such distant relationships are needed.