Rechallenges without desensitization following platinum-based chemotherapy reactions.

Background: There is increasing interest in non-desensitization protocols as a potential way to reintroduce chemotherapy following hypersensitivity reactions (HSR).

Objective: To provide insight into the potential utility of non-desensitization reintroduction, particularly at institutions where allergy consultation may not be available.

Methods: For 70 patients with platinum HSR who underwent rechallenge with standard (≤2 hours), extended (1-bag, 1-step, 4-6 hours), or titrated (4-to-5-bag and -step, 6-7.

Dairy cattle welfare - the relative effect of legislation, industry standards and labelled niche production in five European countries.

The only common European Union (EU) legislation set up specifically to ensure the welfare of dairy cattle is for calves. As a consequence, there is wide diversity in how dairy cattle welfare is ensured in EU countries. A few countries have legal requirements for dairy cattle welfare, while in others, it is left to industry standards or niche production requirements, typically linked to various premium labels.

Women's participation on the boards of farmer-owned cooperatives.

Initiatives and specific measures aimed at increasing the presence of women on corporate boards have become widespread. However, not much academic attention has been paid to this subject up till now, when it comes to farmer-owned cooperatives. The article shows that farmer-owned cooperatives do have special problems when it comes to women on boards.

Market driven initiatives can improve broiler welfare - a comparison across five European countries based on the Benchmark method.

Two kinds of initiatives exist to ensure welfare in broiler production: welfare legislation, where all broiler production in a country or region must comply with legally defined welfare standards; and market driven initiatives, where part of the production must meet specific welfare standards and is sold with a particular label, typically at a price premium, or as part of minimum welfare standards defined by a retailer, a fast-food chain or the like. While the effects of national legislation may be undermined by price competition from lower welfare imported products, the effects of market driven initiatives may be limited by lack of willingness from consumers to pay the extra cost. To investigate how this works out in practice, we compared broiler welfare requirements in 5 European countries, Denmark, Germany, United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Sweden, in 2018, by means of the Benchmark method.

promoter mutations and other prognostic factors in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated with an immune checkpoint inhibitor.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) can achieve durable responses in a subset of patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (aUC). The use of tumor genomic profiling in clinical practice may help suggest biomarkers to identify patients most likely to benefit from ICI.

Methods: We undertook a retrospective analysis of patients treated with an ICI for aUC at a large academic medical center.

Benchmarking Farm Animal Welfare-A Novel Tool for Cross-Country Comparison Applied to Pig Production and Pork Consumption.

A pluralist approach to farm animal welfare, combining animal welfare legislation with market-driven initiatives, has developed in many countries. To enable cross-country comparisons of pig welfare, a number of welfare dimensions, covering the features typically modified in legislative and market-driven welfare initiatives aimed at pig production, were defined. Five academic welfare experts valued the different welfare states within each dimension on a 0-10 scale, then assessed the relative contribution of each dimension to overall welfare on a 1-5 scale.

PATIENTS EXPERIENCES OF INVOLVEMENT IN CHOICE OF DIALYSIS MODE.

Background: International guidelines recommend that patients choose dialysis mode based on their own values and preferences; thus, involvement is needed in dialysis choice. A literature review indicated a lack of knowledge concerning patient involvement in decision-making, especially concerning patients' experiences of the decision-making process just after making the decision and before starting dialysis.

Objectives: To gather information about how patients experienced involvement in the decision-making process of renal substation therapy just after they have made the decision and before starting dialysis.

Combination pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and taxane for metastatic breast cancer after first progression: a single institution's experience.

Background: The addition of pertuzumab to trastuzumab and taxane therapy was shown to be an effective first-line treatment for patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Objective: Describe the progression-free survival of pertuzumab, trastuzumab, and taxane therapy for previously treated HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer.

Methods: This case-series reviews 19 patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving treatment with pertuzumab, trastuzumab, taxane after progression and exposure to previous lines of HER2-directed therapy.

Distribution, population biology, and trophic ecology of the deepwater demersal fish Halosauropsis macrochir (Pisces: Halosauridae) on the mid-Atlantic Ridge.

Halosauropsis macrochir ranked amongst the most abundant and widespread demersal fishes on the mid-Atlantic Ridge of the North Atlantic (Iceland-Azores) with greatest abundance at 1700-3500 m. All sizes, ranging from 10-76 cm total length, occurred in the area without any apparent spatial pattern or depth trend. Using otolith sections displaying growth increments assumed to represent annuli, the age range recorded was 2-36 years, but most individuals were <20 years.

Trends in overweight and obesity among 18-year-old males in Sweden between 1971 and 1995.

The aims of the study are to analyse Swedish trends in overweight and obesity-as measured by body mass index (BMI)-between 1971 and 1995, and to examine socioeconomic and geographic differences between groups of individuals on the basis of information on 18-y-old military conscripts. The study population comprises all males born in 1953, 1958, 1963, 1968, and between 1973 and 1977, reported to be living in Sweden at 17 y of age according to nationwide population registers (RTPs). Utilizing the unique personal ID number, sociodemographic data in the RTPs and in Population and Housing censuses were linked to data on BMI in the national Military Service Conscription Registry for the years 1971 to 1995.

Heteroaryl analogues of AMPA. Synthesis and quantitative structure-activity relationships.

A number of 3-isoxazolol bioisosteres, 7a-i, of (S)-glutamic acid (Glu), in which the methyl group of (RS)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl)propionic acid (AMPA, 1) was replaced by different 5-membered heterocyclic rings, were synthesized. Comparative in vitro pharmacological studies on this series of AMPA analogues were performed using receptor binding assays (IC50 values) and the electrophysiological rat cortical slice model (EC50 values). None of these compounds showed detectable affinity for the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid subtype of Glu receptors.

Enhanced D1 affinity in a series of piperazine ring substituted 1-piperazino-3-arylindans with potential atypical antipsychotic activity.

A study of the effect of aromatic substitution on D1 and D2 affinity in a series of previously reported trans-1-piperazino-3-phenylindans shows similar structure-activity relationships for the two receptor sites. 6-Substituted derivatives have affinity for both receptors, and 6-chloro-or 6-fluoro-substituted derivatives show preference for D1 receptors. D1 affinity and selectivity are significantly increased in a series of new piperazine ring substituted derivatives.

Influence of dietary sources of fat on lipid synthesis in mink (Mustela vison) mammary tissue.

1. The fatty acid composition of the triglyceride fraction of mink milk sampled during mid-lactation (day 28 post partum) from two nursing mink was compared to that of plasma samples and to the fatty acid composition of the feed rations used. 2.

Induction of acyl-CoA-binding protein and its mRNA in 3T3-L1 cells by insulin during preadipocyte-to-adipocyte differentiation.

The induction of acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) and ACBP mRNA was investigated in 3T3-L1 cells during growth and insulin-induced differentiation. The level of ACBP relative to both total soluble protein and DNA increased during insulin-stimulated conversion of 3T3-L1 cells from preadipocytes into fully developed adipocytes. So did the total rate of lipogenesis, as measured by incorporation of [1-14C]acetate.

Lactating goat mammary gland cells in culture.

1. Isolated mammary gland cells were cultured embedded in collagen gels or as monolayers on floating collagen gels. Under these conditions the cells were able to grow for at least 6 weeks during five passages.

Acyl-CoA-binding protein in the rat. Purification, binding characteristics, tissue concentrations and amino acid sequence.

Acyl-CoA-binding protein (ACBP) was purified from rat liver. The Mr was determined as 9932 +/- 10 by mass spectrometry and calculated as 9937.8 from the sequence.

Effect of exogenous long-chain fatty acids on individual fatty acid synthesis by dispersed ruminant mammary gland cells.

We investigated the effect of exogenously added fatty acids on de novo synthesis of individual fatty acids and their incorporation into triacylglycerols by dispersed lactating ruminant mammary gland epithelial cells. Palmitate addition strongly stimulated synthesis and incorporation of butyrate and, to a smaller extent, palmitate synthesis and incorporation. Oleic acid strongly inhibited synthesis of all fatty acids except butyrate, whereas the effect of lauric acid was nearly neutral.

Effect of exogenous long-chain fatty acids on lipid biosynthesis in dispersed ruminant mammary gland epithelial cells: esterification of long-chain exogenous fatty acids.

Dispersed epithelial cells from lactating bovine and goat mammary glands incorporated acetate into all fatty acids (C4 to C16) that were incorporated into mainly triacylglycerols. The cells secreted free fatty acids only into the incubation medium, and this secretion was dependent on the concentration of albumin and the type and amount of exogenous fatty acid added to the medium. Addition of palmitic acid to the incubation medium stimulated synthesis and incorporation of fatty acids synthesized de novo into triacylglycerols, whereas stearic and linoleic acid were inhibitory.

A novel acyl-CoA-binding protein from bovine liver. Effect on fatty acid synthesis.

Bovine liver was shown to contain a hitherto undescribed medium-chain acyl-CoA-binding protein. The protein co-purifies with fatty-acid-binding proteins, but was, unlike these proteins, unable to bind fatty acids. The protein induced synthesis of medium-chain acyl-CoA esters on incubation with goat mammary-gland fatty acid synthetase.

Absence of monoacylglycerol pathway for triacylglycerol synthesis in goat mammary gland.

Both subcellular fractions of lactating goat mammary gland and dispersed lactating goat mammary-gland cells were able to incorporate [U-3H]2-O-hexadecylglycerol into monoalkyl-monoacylglycerol. However, the incorporation of [U-3H]2-O-hexadecylglycerol into monoalkyl-monoacylglycerol by dispersed cells was not accompanied by incorporation of fatty acid synthesized de novo or added radiolabelled fatty acid. The result therefore shows that an active monoacylglycerol pathway does not exist in goat mammary gland.

Synthesis of milk specific fatty acids and proteins by dispersed goat mammary-gland epithelial cells.

The method now described for preparation of dispersed lactating goat mammary-gland cells gives a high yield of morphologically and functionally normal mammary cells. The cells synthesize specific goat milk fatty acids in the right proportions, and they respond to hormones by increased protein synthesis. The cells can be frozen and thawed without losing the above properties, which makes them an excellent tool for metabolic and hormonal studies.