Effects of Respiratory Lung Volume Training on Speech Breathing, Voice, and Vocal Function: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to determine the short- and long-term effects of Respiratory Lung Volume Training (RLVT) on speech breathing and voice in people with primary muscle tension dysphonia (pMTD).

Method: Twenty-four participants with pMTD were randomized to either RLVT or control training (ConT) and completed six 1-hr training sessions. Increased lung volume initiations and terminations were targeted in RLVT using real-time visual biofeedback of lung volumes, whereas the ConT condition implemented a sham Expiratory Muscle Strength Trainer (placebo).

Implementation of national guidelines on antenatal magnesium sulfate for neonatal neuroprotection: extended evaluation of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the National PReCePT Programme in England.

Background: Since 2015, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines have recommended antenatal magnesium sulfate (MgSO) for mothers in preterm labour (<30 weeks' gestation) to reduce the risk of cerebral palsy (CP) in the preterm baby. However, the implementation of this guideline in clinical practice was slow, and MgSO use varied between maternity units. In 2018, the PRrevention of Cerebral palsy in PreTerm labour (PReCePT) programme, an evidence-based quality improvement (QI) intervention to improve use of MgSO, was rolled out across England.

Risk of bicycle collisions and 'safety in numbers': a natural experiment using the local introduction of e-scooters in England.

Background: Ecological studies hypothesise a 'safety in numbers' (SiN) effect whereby road safety for bicycles and other micromobility users improves as their numbers increase, due to behavioural changes of motorists. Causal interpretation of these studies is difficult due to confounding and reverse causation. The introduction of electric scooter (e-scooter) rental schemes in selected districts in England meant an increase in micromobility users in these areas, which presented an opportunity to test the SiN hypothesis using a natural experiment.

Autism Spectrum Social Stories in Schools Trial 2 (ASSSIST-2): a pragmatic randomised controlled trial of the Social Stories™ intervention to address the social and emotional health of autistic children in UK primary schools.

Background: Autistic children can experience mental health, social and emotional difficulties. Carol Gray's Social Stories™ are a highly personalised intervention that provide social information in a short individually tailored story.

Methods: A multi-site pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Social Stories™ alongside care as usual in autistic children aged 4-11 years.

Haploinsufficiency of lysosomal enzyme genes in Alzheimer's disease.

There is growing evidence suggesting that the lysosome or lysosome dysfunction is associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathway analysis of post mortem brain-derived proteomic data from AD patients shows that the lysosomal system is perturbed relative to similarly aged unaffected controls. However, it is unclear if these changes contributed to the pathogenesis or are a response to the disease.

Cluster randomized trial of a team communication training implementation strategy for depression screening in a pediatric healthcare system: a study protocol.

Background: Pediatric depression is a global concern that has fueled efforts for enhanced detection and treatment engagement. As one example, the US Preventive Services Task Force recommends depression screening for adolescents ages 12-18 years. While many health systems have implemented components of depression screening protocols, there is limited evidence of effective follow-up for pediatric depression.

Exogenous oxytocin administered to induce or augment labour is positively associated with quality of observed mother-infant bonding.

Oxytocin is a key hormone in the transition to motherhood. The maternal endogenous oxytocin system facilitates many physiological and biological adaptations, including breastfeeding, maternal wellbeing, and brain plasticity. Additionally, maternal endogenous oxytocin works as a finetuned orchestrator prior to, during, and after the birth of a child to support birth progression and mother-infant bonding.

Impact of Social Stories on social and emotional health of autism spectrum primary school children: the ASSSIST2 RCT with economic evaluation.

Background: Differences in the way autistic children experience the world can contribute to anxiety and stress. Carol Gray's Social Stories™ are a highly personalised intervention to support children by providing social information about specific situations in an individual story.

Objectives: This randomised controlled trial aimed to establish whether Social Stories are clinically effective and cost-effective in improving social responsiveness and social and emotional health in children on the autism spectrum in schools.

A Conceptual Framework and Treatment Taxonomy for Respiratory Lung Volume Training (RLVT).

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to describe the theoretical and procedural framework of a novel intervention, Respiratory Lung Volume Training (RLVT), and to implement a standardized treatment taxonomy to operationalize the RLVT treatment paradigm.

Study Design: This study involved a prospective design with a consensus treatment classification process.

Methods: The RLVT paradigm was developed based on biomechanical constructs governing the interactions of the respiratory and phonatory systems in voice production and principles of motor learning theory.

Oral FXIIa inhibitor KV998086 suppresses FXIIa and single chain FXII mediated kallikrein kinin system activation.

The kallikrein kinin system (KKS) is an established pharmacological target for the treatment and prevention of attacks in hereditary angioedema (HAE). Proteolytic activities of FXIIa and single-chain Factor XII (FXII) zymogen contribute to KKS activation and thereby may play roles in both initiating and propagating HAE attacks. In this report, we investigated the effects of potent small molecule FXIIa inhibitors on FXIIa and single chain FXII enzymatic activities, KKS activation, and angioedema in mice.

Quality improvement interventions to increase the uptake of magnesium sulphate in preterm deliveries for the prevention of cerebral palsy (PReCePT study): a cluster randomised controlled trial.

Objective: To compare two quality improvement (QI) interventions to improve antenatal magnesium sulphate (MgSO ) uptake in preterm births for the prevention of cerebral palsy.

Design: Unblinded cluster randomised controlled trial.

Setting: Academic Health Sciences Network, England, 2018.

Antipsychotic Medication and Risk of Metabolic Disorders in People With Schizophrenia: A Longitudinal Study Using the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

Background And Hypothesis: Antipsychotics are first-line drug treatments for schizophrenia. When antipsychotic monotherapy is ineffective, combining two antipsychotic drugs is common although treatment guidelines warn of possible increases in side effects. Risks of metabolic side effects with antipsychotic polypharmacy have not been fully investigated.

Research Review: A systematic review and meta-analysis of sex differences in narrow constructs of restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests in autistic children, adolescents, and adults.

Background: Evidence that autism often manifests differently between males and females is growing, particularly in terms of social interaction and communication, but it is unclear if there are sex differences in restricted and repetitive behaviours and interests (RRBIs) when rigorously focusing on the narrow construct level (i.e., stereotyped behaviour, restricted interests, insistence on sameness, and/or sensory experiences).

Optimizing transition: Providing oxygen during intact cord resuscitation.

Delayed clamping and cutting of the umbilical cord at birth is standard practice for management for all newborns. Preterm infants may additionally benefit from a combination of ventilation and oxygen provision during intact cord resuscitation. This review highlights both the potential benefits of such a combined approach and the need for further rigorous studies, including randomized controlled trials, of delivery room management in this population.

Sex-dependent effects of acute stress on amyloid-β in male and female mice.

The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease is mediated by a combination of genetics and environmental factors, such as stress, sleep abnormalities and traumatic brain injury. Women are at a higher risk of developing Alzheimer's disease than men, even when controlling for differences in lifespan. Women are also more likely to report high levels of stress than men.

National PReCePT Programme: a before-and-after evaluation of the implementation of a national quality improvement programme to increase the uptake of magnesium sulfate in preterm deliveries.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the National PReCePT Programme (NPP) in increasing use of magnesium sulfate (MgSO) in preterm births.

Design: Before-and-after study.

Setting: Maternity units (N=137) within NHS England and the Academic Health Science Network (AHSN) in 2018.

One-session treatment compared with multisession CBT in children aged 7-16 years with specific phobias: the ASPECT non-inferiority RCT.

Background: Up to 10% of children and young people have a specific phobia that can significantly affect their mental health, development and daily functioning. Cognitive-behavioural therapy-based interventions remain the dominant treatment, but limitations to their provision warrant investigation into low-intensity alternatives. One-session treatment is one such alternative that shares cognitive-behavioural therapy principles but has a shorter treatment period.

Sebetralstat (KVD900): A Potent and Selective Small Molecule Plasma Kallikrein Inhibitor Featuring a Novel P1 Group as a Potential Oral On-Demand Treatment for Hereditary Angioedema.

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disorder in which patients experience sudden onset of swelling in various locations of the body. HAE is associated with uncontrolled plasma kallikrein (PKa) enzyme activity and generation of the potent inflammatory mediator, bradykinin, resulting in episodic attacks of angioedema. Herein, we disclose the discovery and optimization of novel small molecule PKa inhibitors.

Assessing mother-infant bonding: reliability of the recorded interaction task.

Objective: This study examined the intra- and inter-rater reliability of the Recorded Interaction Task (RIT); a novel tool to assess mother-infant bonding via observational methods.

Background: Mother-infant bonding describes the reciprocal early emotional connection between mother and infant. Whilst various tools exist to assess mother-infant bonding, many incorrectly confuse this construct with mother-infant attachment.

One-session treatment for specific phobias: Barriers, facilitators and acceptability as perceived by children & young people, parents, and clinicians.

Between 2015 and 2020 the Alleviating Specific Phobias Experienced by Children Trial (ASPECT) was conducted in the UK to examine the non-inferiority of One-Session Treatment in comparison to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy based interventions for children and young people with specific phobias. A nested qualitative evaluation was conducted as part of this trial to examine the acceptability of One-Session Treatment. Qualitative interviews were conducted with children and young people taking part in the trial, their parents/guardians, and clinicians delivering the intervention, about their experiences and the acceptability of One Session Treatment.

One session treatment (OST) is equivalent to multi-session cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in children with specific phobias (ASPECT): results from a national non-inferiority randomized controlled trial.

Background: 5%-10% children and young people (CYP) experience specific phobias that impact daily functioning. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) is recommended but has limitations. One Session Treatment (OST), a briefer alternative incorporating CBT principles, has demonstrated efficacy.

The private sector market for malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Nigeria: results of the 2018 market survey.

Background: To avoid misuse of anti-malarials, correct diagnosis of fever prior to drug prescription is essential. Presumptive treatment in the private healthcare sector is a concern in Nigeria, where availability of affordable artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is high following the implementation of subsidy schemes from 2010 to 2017. Similar subsidies have not, however, been implemented for malaria rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs).