Interactive effects of Titanium-based compounds with Gadolinium and Mercury in Mytilus galloprovincialis.

The combined toxicity of metals in aquatic environments is a critical concern due to the complex interactions between different metal contaminants, as well as their interactions with other environmental factors. These combined effects often result in synergistic, antagonistic, or additive toxic responses, leading to heightened risks for aquatic organisms and ecosystems. This study investigates the toxicity of titanium in its bulk form (Ti) and as nanoparticles (nTi) when combined with other elements like gadolinium (Gd) and mercury (Hg), focusing on their effects on the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis.

The environmental remediation capacity of Ulva lactuca: the potential of macroalgae to reduce the threats caused by Titanium in marine invertebrate species.

As a result of the wide use of Titanium (Ti) compounds in various products, Ti and Ti nanoparticles (nTi) are released into aquatic environments, inducing varying degrees of toxicity on aquatic fauna. Ulva lactuca, green macroalgae commonly found in coastal areas, has been extensively studied due to its worldwide distribution and capacity to accumulate trace elements under toxic conditions, which makes it a good universal sorbent. The present study aimed to establish the remediation properties of U.