Is practitioner appraisal of facial expressivity and emotional engagement in simulated Parkinson's disease affected by race?

Background: Black people are diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD) at half the rate as White people. One unexplored possibility to explain this disparity is that practitioners have a racial bias, specifically when appraising motor signs of PD in Black versus White people.

Objective: The current study explores whether practitioners have a racial bias when appraising/evaluating Black versus White people with or without hypomimia (a motor sign of PD that results in reduced facial expressivity, which was simulated in this current study).

Risk and Protective Factors for School Absence among Youth with Minoritized Social Identities.

Youth with marginalized racial, ethnic, sexual, and gender identities experience bias and stigma in schools that relate to school absences, disengagement, and pushout and may impact learning and achievement over time. Using data from 9-12 graders who participated in the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (N=80,456) and the 2017-2019 California Healthy Kids Survey (N=512,067), we used Exhaustive Chi-Square Automatic Interaction Detection (ECHAID) to explore how experiences of bias-based bullying and teacher caring were related to general absences, safety-related absences, and grades among youth with diverse races, ethnicities, sexual and gender identities. Both datasets demonstrated important heterogeneity in the school experiences of youth with marginalized identities, particularly in the context of bias-based bullying victimization and low teacher caring.

Bias-based bullying, self-esteem, queer identity pride, and disordered eating behaviors among sexually and gender diverse adolescents.

Objective: Limited research incorporates an intersectional approach when evaluating disordered eating behaviors among those holding minoritized social positions, such as lesbian, gay, bisexual, queer, questioning, and/or transgender/gender diverse (LGBTQ) adolescents. The current study assessed stigma experiences from peers at school, self-esteem, LGBTQ pride, and overlapping social positions as they relate to disordered eating behaviors among LGBTQ adolescents.

Method: Participants included 11,083 adolescents (M  = 15.

Exploring Bias-Based Bullying and Intersecting Social Positions as Correlates of Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Adolescents.

The current study extends the limited body of intersectional research on adolescents' sexual health by examining experiences of bias-based bullying and multiple intersecting social positions associated with engagement in sexual risk behaviors. Participants were 14,968 sexually active 9th and 11th grade students surveyed as part of the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey (15% lesbian/gay/bisexual/queer/pansexual/questioning [LGBQ] and/or transgender/gender diverse [TGD] or gender questioning). Exhaustive Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection analysis was used to identify experiences (i.

Evidence of validation of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale-18 in Arab, Middle Eastern, and North African emerging adults living in the United States.

Arab, Middle Eastern, and North African (Arab/MENA) individuals are regularly unaccounted for in research because they are conflated with the racial category "White." The systematic underrepresentation of Arab/MENA individuals in research persists, despite the fact that Arab/MENA individuals experience stigma, discrimination, and structural barriers that separate them from their White peers and contribute to disparities in mental health and well-being (Awad et al., 2021).

A Longitudinal Study on Disordered Eating in Transgender and Nonbinary Adolescents.

Objective: We longitudinally explored frequency of disordered eating among transgender and nonbinary (TGNB) adolescents and explored trends by gender identity and gender-affirming care.

Methods: Participants completed an abbreviated version of the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months after establishing care in a gender clinic. We analyzed descriptive statistics and multivariate linear regression analyses.

Using network analysis to examine connections between Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) processes, internalizing symptoms, and well-being in a sample of undergraduates.

Background: Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) has been shown to be effective in treating internalizing symptoms. Understanding which ACT processes are most closely linked to certain symptoms may help develop targeted treatments. Network analysis an approach to gain insight into the interconnection between processes and the downstream benefits of targeting a particular process.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo as a Transdiagnostic Link Between Adult ADHD and Internalizing Symptoms.

Objective: Although absent from traditional diagnostic nosologies, Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) may have transdiagnostic utility given its robust associations with ADHD and internalizing symptoms as well as with cognitive impairments common to these conditions. Within-person variation in SCT symptoms may also serve to link ADHD, cognitive deficits, and internalizing psychopathology, however, few studies have utilized intensive longitudinal designs to probe within-person variation in SCT and its links to cognitive deficits and psychopathology.

Method: Ecological Momentary Assessment was used to measure between and within-person variance in SCT 4 times per day across 7 days (28 time-points) in 158 college students (approximately 51% with elevated ADHD and/or internalizing symptoms).

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Pharmacological and Nonpharmacological Interventions for Persistent Nonepisodic Irritability.

Objective: This meta-analysis examined the efficacy of available pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions for irritability among youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), disruptive behavior disorders (DBD), disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD), and/or severe mood dysregulation (SMD).

Method: Literature searches were conducted in October 2020, resulting in 564 abstracts being reviewed to identify relevant papers, with 387 articles being reviewed in full. A random effects model was used for the meta-analysis, with subgroup meta-regressions run to assess effects of study design, intervention type, medication class, and clinical population.

A Meta-Analytic Review of Emotion Regulation Focused Psychosocial Interventions for Adolescents.

Emotion regulation (ER) is the ability to monitor, evaluate, and modify one's emotional responses to be appropriate for environmental demands. Poor ER has been considered a transdiagnostic risk factor for a range of internalizing and externalizing disorders and overall decreased well-being in adolescents. A range of evidence-based interventions exist which may improve ER.

Adolescent Emotionality and Emotion Regulation in the Context of Parent Emotion Socialization Among Adolescents with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Call to Action with Pilot Data.

To date, only three studies have examined the role of emotion socialization in the emotional functioning of youth with neurodevelopmental disorders. As such, this review article with pilot data sought to provide a call to action and first step in addressing this limited research body. Pilot data was collected with 18 adolescents (Mage = 13.

Evaluation of occupational pesticide exposure on Egyptian male adolescent cognitive and motor functioning.

Background: Chronic low-level exposure to organophosphorus pesticides is associated with adverse health effects, including a decline in neurological functioning and long-term impairment. These negative effects may be more detrimental in children and adolescents due to their critical stage in development. Little work has investigated the effects of chronic exposure to pesticides, specifically chlorpyrifos (CPF) during the adolescent period.

Evaluating the Viability of Neurocognition as a Transdiagnostic Construct Using Both Latent Variable Models and Network Analysis.

The relational structure of psychological symptoms and disorders is of crucial importance to mechanistic and causal research. Methodologically, factor analytic approaches (latent variable modeling) and network analyses are two dominant approaches. Amidst some debate about their relative merits, use of both methods simultaneously in the same data set has rarely been reported in child or adolescent psychopathology.

Variability in Positive and Negative Affect Among Adolescents with and without ADHD: Differential Associations with Functional Outcomes.

Introduction: This study examined whether adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differed in affect variability and whether variability in positive and negative affect was associated with functional outcomes.

Method: Participants were 302 adolescents (12-14 years, Mage=13.17, 55% male; 54% diagnosed with ADHD; 82% white) and their caregivers who each completed the 10-item Positive and Negative Affect Scale via daily diaries for approximately two weeks.

Peer Victimization and Poor Academic Outcomes in Adolescents With ADHD: What Individual Factors Predict Risk?

Examine individual factors associated with peer victimization (PV) in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to examine the association between PV and educational outcomes. Participants were 121 adolescents ( = 13.62, = 1.

A Review of Pediatric Nonpharmacological Sleep Interventions: Effects on Sleep, Secondary Outcomes, and Populations With Co-occurring Mental Health Conditions.

Sleep problems are common in school-age children and linked to numerous negative outcomes. Sleep disturbances are particularly common in children with mental health disorders, such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, depression, and anxiety. Despite frequent use of nonpharmacological pediatric sleep interventions to treat common sleep problems, there is a paucity of research on whether these interventions are effective.

Multigroup multilevel structure of the child and parent versions of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) in adolescents with and without ADHD.

The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) has been widely used to assess affect expression. Shortened and adolescent versions of the measure have been created, such as the 10-item PANAS for Children (PANAS-C). However, affect expression often involves substantial intraindividual variability, and no research has examined within-person differences using the 10-item PANAS-C.

Sleep and daytime sleepiness in adolescents with and without ADHD: differences across ratings, daily diary, and actigraphy.

Background: Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience greater sleep problems than their peers. Although adolescence is generally a developmental period characterized by insufficient sleep, few studies have used a multi-informant, multi-method design, to examine whether sleep differs in adolescents with and without ADHD.

Methods: Targeted recruitment was used to enroll an approximately equal number of eighth-grade adolescents (mean age = 13 years) with (n = 162) and without ADHD (n = 140).

Sleepy, sluggish, worried, or down? The distinction between self-reported sluggish cognitive tempo, daytime sleepiness, and internalizing symptoms in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) consists of symptoms of slowness, sluggishness, daydreaming, and low motivation. SCT has been linked to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), internalizing symptoms, and daytime sleepiness. Although there is clear evidence that SCT and ADHD symptoms are distinct constructs, the distinction between SCT, anxiety/depression, and daytime sleepiness is less clear.