The ( ) mutation of maps to the cis-regulatory region of the Iroquois Complex (Iro-C) located in the ( gene.

The ( ) mutation first described by Morgan and Bridges in 1915 has adult visible phenotypes in wing posture and vein formation. We have mapped to a genomic region within the ( ) gene that houses the cis-regulatory elements that control expression of the Iroquois Complex genes ( ) and ( ) in the wing hinge and wing veins. Sequence analysis of the allele has identified a gtwin retrotransposon containing su(Hw) insulator binding sites within this region of .

Rare presentation and resection of giant cell tumor invading the middle ear and skull base: A case report.

Giant cell tumors (GCTs) are common benign bone tumors found in young adults, frequently occurring in the long bones but rarely in the skull. Although considered benign, GCTs have the potential to be aggressive, destroying surrounding tissue. Here, we present the unusual case of a patient with a GCT of the middle ear and skull base.

Germline Genetic Variant Classification Requires More Equitable Reference Database Representation.

Germline genetic testing can aid diagnostic workups but may reveal variants of unknown significance (VUS). VUS do not provide definitive diagnoses and may worsen patient and family stress. VUS are more prevalent in populations that are underrepresented in large genomic databases.

Management of Spontaneous Epidural Hematoma in the Setting of Vaso-occlusive Crisis Among Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease: A Case Series and Scoping Literature Review.

Spontaneous epidural hematoma (EDH) is a rare sickle cell disease (SCD) complication. We report 3 pediatric cases with SCD and spontaneous EDH and 1 with subgaleal hematomas in the setting of vaso-occlusive crises and elaborate on their presentation and management. Through a scoping review, we identified 71 additional cases reported from 1970 to 2024 and highlighted notable features.

Three-dimensional imaging in craniofacial surgery: utilization of a novel 3D mobile application to evaluate the surgical outcomes of a skull recontouring procedure for cephalohematoma.

Objective: Cranial abnormalities are common birth defects that frequently alter skull shape and appearance. Despite their prevalence, objective quantification of defect severity pre- and posttreatment is limited. The authors evaluated the ability of MirrorMe3D, a novel 3D mobile iPhone application, to measure changes in the contour of the skull for patients undergoing contouring of a calcified cephalohematoma.

Clinical Features and Management of Skull Base Fractures in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review.

Pediatric basilar skull fractures (BSFs) are a rare type of traumatic head injury that can cause debilitating complications without prompt treatment. Here, we sought to review the literature and characterize the clinical features, management, and outcomes of pediatric BSFs. We identified 21 relevant studies, excluding reviews, meta-analyses, and non-English articles.

HIV-1-infected T cell clones are shared across cerebrospinal fluid and blood during ART.

The central nervous system HIV reservoir is incompletely understood and is a major barrier to HIV cure. We profiled people with HIV (PWH) and uninfected controls through single-cell transcriptomic and T cell receptor (TCR) sequencing to understand the dynamics of HIV persistence in the CNS. In PWH on ART, we found that most participants had single cells containing HIV-1 RNA, which was found predominantly in CD4 central memory T cells, in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood.

Neurosyphilis is characterized by a compartmentalized and robust neuroimmune response but not by neuronal injury.

Background: Neurosyphilis is increasing in prevalence but its pathophysiology remains incompletely understood. This study assessed for CNS-specific immune responses during neurosyphilis compared to syphilis without neurosyphilis and compared these immune profiles to those observed in other neuroinflammatory diseases.

Methods: Participants with syphilis were categorized as having neurosyphilis if their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test was reactive and as having syphilis without neurosyphilis if they had a non-reactive CSF-VDRL test and a white blood cell count <5/μL.

Sleep deficiency among people living with human immunodeficiency virus: A growing challenge.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this narrative review is to consolidate and summarize the existing literature on sleep deficiency among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH), to discuss the potential impact of antiretroviral therapy on sleep deficiency and to identify priorities for future research in this area.

Recent Findings: Three important domains of sleep deficiency include alterations in sleep quality (including sleep disorders), duration and timing. The existing HIV and sleep deficiency literature, which is robust for sleep quality but sparser for sleep duration or sleep timing, has identified epidemiological correlates and outcomes associated with sleep deficiency including sociodemographic factors, HIV-specific factors, aspects of physical and mental health and cognition.

Associations Between Bullying and Condition Severity Among Youth With Chronic Health Conditions.

Purpose: Children with chronic conditions are at increased risk of bullying involvement. In addition to examining associations between chronic health conditions and both victimization and perpetration, this study investigated whether condition severity is associated with bullying involvement.

Methods: A secondary analysis of the 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health was performed.

Characterization of the phenotype in .

In the early 20th century, Calvin Bridges and Thomas Morgan identified a number of spontaneous mutations that displayed visible phenotypes in adult flies and subsequent analysis of these mutations over the past century have provided fundamental insights into subdisciplines of biology such as genetics, developmental, and cell biology. One of the mutations they identified in 1915 was named ( ) and was described by Bridges and Morgan as having two visible phenotype characteristics in the wing. The wings were "held out at a wider angle from the body" and had a break in wing vein L3.

Wandering behavior in children with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities.

Purpose Of Review: Approximately one in four children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) 'elope' or wander away from supervision each year; however, many caregivers do not receive adequate information on how to address wandering behavior. The purpose of this review is to summarize the available research on elopement frequency, wandering patterns, and interventions to provide pediatricians and other childcare professionals with appropriate strategies to address wandering behavior.

Recent Findings: Despite the high prevalence of wandering by children with ASD or other developmental disabilities, there is relatively limited research in this area.

Reporting of child maltreatment during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in New York City from March to May 2020.

Background: School closures and other public health responses have decreased the extent that children interact with mandated reporters and other professionals trained to detect child maltreatment.

Objective: To assess associations between the pandemic public health response and the number of allegations of child abuse or neglect.

Methods: This study analyzed monthly data from New York City of the number of child maltreatment allegations, stratified by reporter type (e.