Long-term Effects of Potassium-competitive Acid Blockers and Proton Pump Inhibitors on Gastrin, Gastric Emptying Rate, and Small Intestinal Microbiota in Rats.

Background/aims: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are widely used for gastric acid suppression but are associated with adverse effects such as hypergastrinemia and delayed gastric emptying (GE). Potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), a new class of acid suppressants, rapidly and sustainably inhibit gastric acid secretion. We compared the long-term effects of different P-CABs and PPIs on gastric pH, serum gastrin levels, GE, and small intestinal microbiota in a rat model.

Enterotype-Specific Effects of Red Beetroot ( L.) Powder and Betanin on Human Gut Microbiota: A Preliminary Study Based on In Vitro Fecal Fermentation Model.

Red beetroots, rich in betanin, may act as prebiotics and impact gut microbiota. Because the human gut microbiota is unique to each person, the effectiveness of prebiotics varies with the enterotype. In this study, we hypothesized that the effects of red beetroot powder (RP) and betanin pigment (BP) would differ depending on the enterotype.

Limosilactobacillus fermentum KBL674 Alleviates Vaginal Candidiasis.

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the primary etiologic agent of vaginal candidiasis. Lactobacillus species are predominant in the vaginal microbiome; they inhibit the development of vaginal candidiasis by producing antimicrobial agents, such as lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide.

Dietary Polycan, a β-glucan originating from SM-2001, attenuates high-fat-diet-induced intestinal barrier damage in obese mice by modulating gut microbiota dysbiosis.

Various metabolic diseases caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) are closely related to gut microbiota dysbiosis and epithelial barrier dysfunction. Polycan, a type of β-glucan, is effective in treating anti-obesity and metabolic diseases caused by HFD. However, the effect of Polycan on dysbiosis and epithelial barrier damage is still unknown.

Fermented Milk Containing SNU50430 Modulates Immune Responses and Gut Microbiota in Antibiotic-Treated Mice.

Antibiotics are used to control infectious diseases. However, adverse effects of antibiotics, such as devastation of the gut microbiota and enhancement of the inflammatory response, have been reported. Health benefits of fermented milk are established and can be enhanced by the addition of probiotic strains.

Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 protects against kidney injury via improving mitochondrial function with chronic kidney disease.

Purpose: Recent advances have led to greater recognition of the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease (CKD). There has been evidence that CKD is also associated with dysbiosis. Here, we aimed to evaluate whether probiotic supplements can have protective effects against kidney injury via improving mitochondrial function.

Strain-Specific Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Strain KBL1027 in Koreans.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is one of the most dominant commensal bacteria in the human gut, and certain anti-inflammatory functions have been attributed to a single microbial anti-inflammatory molecule (MAM). Simultaneously, substantial diversity among F. prausnitzii strains is acknowledged, emphasizing the need for strain-level functional studies aimed at developing innovative probiotics.

Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 Ameliorates Atopic Dermatitis in a Mouse Model.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease with repeated exacerbations of eczema and pruritus. Probiotics can prevent or treat AD appropriately via modulation of immune responses and gut microbiota. In this study, we evaluated effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus (L.

Lactobacillus rhamnosus KBL2290 Ameliorates Gut Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Colitis.

Ulcerative colitis, a major form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) associated with chronic colonic inflammation, may be induced via overreactive innate and adaptive immune responses. Restoration of gut microbiota abundance and diversity is important to control the pathogenesis. Lactobacillus spp.

Secreted Akkermansia muciniphila threonyl-tRNA synthetase functions to monitor and modulate immune homeostasis.

Commensal bacteria are critically involved in the establishment of tolerance against inflammatory challenges, the molecular mechanisms of which are just being uncovered. All kingdoms of life produce aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs). Thus far, the non-translational roles of ARSs have largely been reported in eukaryotes.

Chemokine CCL6 Plays Key Role in the Inhibitory Effect of Vitamin A on Norovirus Infection.

Norovirus (NoV) is the most common viral cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Vitamin A has demonstrated the potential to protect against gastrointestinal infections. However, the effects of vitamin A on human norovirus (HuNoV) infections remain poorly understood.

Nerve injury-induced gut dysbiosis contributes to spinal cord TNF-α expression and nociceptive sensitization.

The impact of the gut microbiota on glial cell growth and maturation via the gut-brain axis is highlighted herein. Considering that glial activation is crucial for onset and maintenance of neuropathic pain, we assessed the putative involvement of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Depletion of mouse gut microbiota with chronic antibiotics cocktail treatment prevented nerve injury-induced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia both in male and female mice.

Enzyme Feed Additive with Arazyme Improve Growth Performance, Meat Quality, and Gut Microbiome of Pigs.

The supplementation of pig diets with exogenous enzymes is widely used with the expectation that it will improve the efficiency of nutrient utilization, thereby, improving growth performance. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a 0.1% (/) multi-enzyme (a mixture of arazyme (2,500,000 Unit/kg), xylanase (200,000 Unit/kg) and mannanase (200,000 Unit/kg)) supplementation derived from invertebrate symbiotic bacteria on pig performance.

Catecholamine induces Kupffer cell apoptosis via growth differentiation factor 15 in alcohol-associated liver disease.

Chronic alcohol consumption often induces hepatic steatosis but rarely causes severe inflammation in Kupffer cells (KCs) despite the increased hepatic influx of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), suggesting the presence of a veiled tolerance mechanism. In addition to LPS, the liver is affected by several gut-derived neurotransmitters through the portal blood, but the effects of catecholamines on KCs have not been clearly explored in alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Hence, we investigated the regulatory roles of catecholamine on inflammatory KCs under chronic alcohol exposure.

Distinct Changes in Microbiota-Mediated Intestinal Metabolites and Immune Responses Induced by Different Antibiotics.

The cocktails of antibiotics are utilized to study the functions of microbiota. There have been studies on the alteration of not only the microbiota composition but also the host's metabolism or immunity. However, the bacterial species associated with these altered physiologic markers are still unclear.

Bacteroides vulgatus SNUG 40005 Restores Akkermansia Depletion by Metabolite Modulation.

Background & Aims: Weight loss and exercise intervention have been reported to increase the interaction between Bacteroides spp and Akkermansiamuciniphila (Am), although the underlying mechanisms and consequences of the interaction remain unknown.

Methods: Using a healthy Korean twin cohort (n = 582), we analyzed taxonomic associations with host body mass index. B vulgatus strains were isolated from mice and human subjects to investigate the strain-specific effect of B vulgatus SNUG 40005 (Bvul) on obesity.

Wnt-activating human skin organoid model of atopic dermatitis induced by and its protective effects by .

A recently developed human PSC-derived skin organoid model has opened up new avenues for studying skin development, diseases, and regeneration. The current model has limitations since the generated organoids are enclosed, circular aggregates with an inside-out morphology with unintended off-target development of cartilage. Here, we first demonstrated that Wnt signaling activation resulted in larger organoids without off-target cartilage.

Lactobacillus acidophilus KBL409 Reduces Kidney Fibrosis via Immune Modulatory Effects in Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Scope: Intestinal dysbiosis has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including chronic kidney disease (CKD). Here, to evaluate whether probiotic supplements can have protective effects against kidney injury in an animal model of CKD is aimed.

Methods And Results: An animal model of CKD is established by feeding C57BL/6 mice a diet containing 0.

Arazyme in combination with dietary carbohydrolases influences odor emission and gut microbiome in growing-finishing pigs.

This study evaluated the effects of supplementing feed with arazyme and dietary carbohydrolases derived from invertebrate gut-associated symbionts on the noxious gas emissions, gut microbiota, and host-microbiome interactions of pigs. Here, 270 and 260 growing pigs were assigned to control and treatment groups, respectively. The tested feed additives contained a mixture of arazyme (2,500,000 Unit/kg) and synergetic enzymes, xylanase (200,000 Unit/kg) and mannanase (200,000 Unit/kg), derived from insect gut-associated symbionts in a 7.

Interaction effect between NAFLD severity and high carbohydrate diet on gut microbiome alteration and hepatic lipogenesis.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with high carbohydrate (HC) intake. We investigated whether the relationship between carbohydrate intake and NAFLD is mediated by interactions between gut microbial modulation, impaired insulin response, and hepatic lipogenesis (DNL). Stool samples were collected from 204 Korean subjects with biopsy-proven NAFLD (n = 129) and without NAFLD (n = 75).