Knowledge and Practice of Mechanical Ventilation Humidification Systems in Latin American ICUs.

Humidification of inspired gases is critical for maintaining airway integrity in mechanically ventilated patients. However, airway instrumentation and the use of cold, dry medical gases can disrupt this process, necessitating external humidification systems. This study aimed to assess knowledge and practices regarding humidification systems in mechanical ventilation among health care professionals in Latin American ICUs.

Validation of Airway Occlusion Pressure as a Method of Assessing Breathing Effort During Noninvasive Ventilation.

The airway-occlusion pressure is used to estimate the muscle pressure () and the occlusion pressure at 100 ms () to assess respiratory drive in patients on mechanical ventilation. However, the validity of these maneuvers during noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has not been evaluated. This study was designed to validate the airway-occlusion pressure and the described for mechanical ventilation during NIV in a bench model.

Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy on the Pressure of the Airway System in Humans.

The understanding of how pharyngeal pressure is transmitted to the trachea with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) implementation and the behavior of tracheal pressure in the presence of mouth leaks remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the impact of HFNC administration on tracheal pressure by comparing measurements taken with open and closed mouth with varying flows. A crossover study was conducted between March 2019 and June 2023.

Ineffective respiratory efforts and their potential consequences during mechanical ventilation.

The implementation of invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) in critically ill patients involves two crucial moments: the total control phase, affected among other things by the use of analgesics and sedatives, and the transition phase to spontaneous ventilation, which seeks to shorten IMV times and where optimizing patient-ventilator interaction is one of the main challenges. Ineffective inspiratory efforts (IEE) arise when there is no coordination between patient effort and ventilator support. IIE are common in different ventilatory modes and are associated with worse clinical outcomes: dyspnea, increased sedation requirements, increased IMV days and longer intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stay.

Maternal oxygenation and fetal-neonatal mortality among patients with COVID-19 requiring advanced respiratory support in ICU: A multicenter prospective cohort study.

Objective: To explore the association of maternal characteristics, oxygenation, and mechanical ventilatory parameters with fetal and neonatal outcomes.

Methods: The present study was a multicenter, binational (Argentina/Colombia), prospective, cohort study, conducted in 21 intensive care units (ICUs) and including pregnant or postpartum patients with COVID-19 pneumonia requiring advanced respiratory support and their fetuses/neonates. Advanced respiratory support was defined as high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC), non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV).

Impact of High-Flow Nasal Cannula Oxygen Therapy on the Pressure of the Airway System in Humans.

Background: The understanding of how pharyngeal pressure is transmitted to the trachea with high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) implementation and the behavior of tracheal pressure in the presence of mouth leaks remains limited. This study aimed to assess the impact of HFNC administration on tracheal pressure by comparing measurements taken with open and closed mouth with varying flows.

Methods: A crossover study was conducted between March 2019 and June 2023.

Impact of high-flow oxygen therapy via high velocity nasal insufflation on diaphragmatic thickening fraction in healthy subjects.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy [HFNC] on the diaphragm thickening fraction.

Design: Prospective, descriptive, cohort study SETTING: The study was conducted in the Physiology and Respiratory Care Laboratory, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Británico de Buenos Aires.

Participants: Thirteen healthy subjects >18 years old INTERVENTIONS: High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy MAIN VARIABLES OF INTEREST: Demographic data (age and gender), anthropometric data (weight, height, and body mass index), and clinical and respiratory variables (Diaphragm thickening fraction [DTf], esophageal pressure swing, respiratory rate [RR], esophageal pressure-time product per minute [PTPes/min]).

Post-pandemic acute respiratory distress syndrome: A New Global Definition with extension to lower-resource regions.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), first described in 1967, is characterized by acute respiratory failure causing profound hypoxemia, decreased pulmonary compliance, and bilateral CXR infiltrates. After several descriptions, the Berlin definition was adopted in 2012, which established three categories of severity according to hypoxemia (mild, moderate and severe), specified temporal aspects for diagnosis, and incorporated the use of non-invasive ventilation. The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in ARDS management, focusing on continuous monitoring of oxygenation and on utilization of high-flow oxygen therapy and lung ultrasound.

Airway and Transpulmonary Driving Pressure by End-Inspiratory Holds During Pressure Support Ventilation.

Background: The precision of quasi-static airway driving pressure (ΔP) assessed in pressure support ventilation (PSV) as a surrogate of tidal lung stress is debatable because persistent muscular activity frequently alters the readability of end-inspiratory holds. In this study, we used strict criteria to discard excessive muscular activity during holds and assessed the accuracy of ΔP in predicting global lung stress in PSV. Additionally, we explored whether the physiological effects of high PEEP differed according to the response of respiratory system compliance (C).

Behavior of Endotracheal Tube Cuff Pressure During a Routine Control Maneuver With Different Manometers.

Background: The main functions of the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff are to prevent aspiration and to allow pressurization of the respiratory system. For this purpose, it is essential to maintain adequate pressure inside the cuff, thus reducing the risks for the patient. It is regularly checked using a manometer and is considered the best alternative.

Epidemiology of Weaning From Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Subjects With COVID-19.

Background: Patients requiring mechanical ventilation due to COVID-19 have different characteristics of evolution and outcome compared to the general ICU population. Although early weaning from mechanical ventilation is associated with improved outcomes, inadequate identification of patients unable to be weaned may lead to extubation failure and increased days on mechanical ventilation. Outcomes related to mechanical ventilation weaning in this population are scare and inconclusive.

Ventilatory Parameters in Obstetric Patients With COVID-19 and Impact of Delivery: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Current evidence on obstetric patients requiring advanced ventilatory support and impact of delivery on ventilatory parameters is retrospective, scarce, and controversial.

Research Question: What are the ventilatory parameters for obstetric patients with COVID-19 and how does delivery impact them? What are the risk factors for invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and for maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality?

Study Design And Methods: Prospective, multicenter, cohort study including pregnant and postpartum patients with COVID-19 requiring advanced ventilatory support in the ICU.

Results: Ninety-one patients were admitted to 21 ICUs at 29.

[Comparison between the first and second COVID-19 wave of patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit in Argentina].

Introduction: the information regarding characteristics and ventilatory results comparing the first (W1) and the second wave (W2) in Argentina are limited. The main objective of this study was to describe general characteristics and ventilatory variables in COVID-19 patients who required invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and compare differences between waves. Secondarily, factors associated with mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) were studied.

Performance of Invasive Mode in Different Heated Humidification Systems With High-Flow Nasal Cannula.

Background: Oxygen therapy via high-flow nasal cannula generates physiologic changes that impact ventilatory variables of patients. However, we know that there are detrimental effects on airway mucosa related to inhalation of gases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance in terms of absolute humidity, relative humidity, and temperature of different brands of heated humidifiers and circuits in the invasive mode during the use of high-flow oxygen therapy in flows between 30 and 100 L/min.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula and Standard Oxygen in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure Due to COVID-19.

Background: The evidence regarding benefits of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) in patients with COVID-19 is controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of HFNC in comparison with standard oxygen therapy on the frequency of endotracheal intubation at 28 d in subjects with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (AHRF) secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Methods: A retrospective, age- and sex-matched-paired, cohort study was conducted in subjects with moderate-to-severe AHRF.

High-Flow Oxygen Therapy Application in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients With Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure: A Multicenter Study.

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of high-flow oxygen implementation on the respiratory rate as a first-line ventilation support in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure.

Design: Multicenter, prospective, analytic observational case series study.

Setting: Five ICUs in Argentina, between August 2018 and September 2019.

Characteristics and outcomes of patients infected with nCoV19 requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in Argentina.

Objective: A novel coronavirus emerged this year as a cause of viral pneumonia. The main characteristics of the virus are rapid transmission, high contagion capacity and potential severity. The objective of this case series study is to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with confirmed coronavirus disease (COVID-19) admitted to different intensive care units in Argentina for mechanical ventilation.

Performance of Different Active Humidification Systems in High-Flow Oxygen Therapy.

Background: We sought to evaluate the performance in terms of absolute humidity (AH), relative humidity (RH), and temperature of different heated humidifiers (HH) and circuits that are commonly used to deliver high-flow oxygen therapy in conventional ranges (30-60 L/min) and unconventional ranges (70-100 L/min).

Methods: In this prospective, observational study, an electronic thermohygrometer was used to obtain the required measurements. A mechanical ventilator was used as a source for high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy.

Complications of Congenital Hernia in Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Congenital hernias, frequently misdiagnosed during pregnancy, are potentially fatal and require prompt repair. A pregnant woman with medical history of repaired congenital hernia was admitted with misdiagnosis of preeclampsia. Physical examination and chest x-ray revealed a Bochdalek hernia.

High-flow nasal cannula in the treatment of acute hypoxemic respiratory failure in a pregnant patient: case report.

Little evidence exists to support the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. However, considering the complications associated with endotracheal intubation, we attempted to implement noninvasive mechanical ventilation in a 24-year-old patient who was 32 weeks pregnant and was admitted to the intensive care unit with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and sepsis secondary to a urinary tract infection. Lack of tolerance to noninvasive mechanical ventilation led us to use an alternative method to avoid endotracheal intubation.

Effects of High-Flow Nasal Cannula on End-Expiratory Lung Impedance in Semi-Seated Healthy Subjects.

Background: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) enables delivery of humidified gas at high flow while controlling the F . Although its use is growing in patients with acute respiratory failure, little is known about the impact of HFNC on lung volume. Therefore, we aimed to assess lung volume changes in healthy subjects at different flows and positions.

Humidification and heating of inhaled gas in patients with artificial airway. A narrative review.

Instrumentation of the airways in critical patients (endotracheal tube or tracheostomy cannula) prevents them from performing their function of humidify and heating the inhaled gas. In addition, the administration of cold and dry medical gases and the high flows that patients experience during invasive and non-invasive mechanical ventilation generate an even worse condition. For this reason, a device for gas conditioning is needed, even in short-term treatments, to avoid potential damage to the structure and function of the respiratory epithelium.