Tracing Metastatic Evolutionary Patterns in Lung Adenocarcinoma: Prognostic Dissection Based on a Multi-state Model.

Purpose: After surgery for lung adenocarcinoma, a patient may experience various states of recurrence, with multiple factors potentially influencing the transitions between these states. Our purpose was to investigate the effects of clinical and pathological factors on tumor recurrence, death, and prognosis across various metastasizing pathways.

Materials And Methods: Our study group included 335 patients with all demographic and pathologic data available who underwent surgical resection for lung adenocarcinoma for more than 10 years.

Increased Scan Speed and Pitch on Ultra-Low-Dose Chest CT: Effect on Nodule Volumetry and Image Quality.

: This study's objective was to investigate the influence of increased scan speed and pitch on image quality and nodule volumetry in patients who underwent ultra-low-dose chest computed tomography (CT). : One hundred and two patients who had lung nodules were included in this study. Standard-speed, standard-pitch (SSSP) ultra-low-dose CT and high-speed, high-pitch (HSHP) ultra-low-dose CT were obtained for all patients.

Deep Learning-Based Reconstruction Algorithm With Lung Enhancement Filter for Chest CT: Effect on Image Quality and Ground Glass Nodule Sharpness.

Objective: To assess the effect of a new lung enhancement filter combined with deep learning image reconstruction (DLIR) algorithm on image quality and ground-glass nodule (GGN) sharpness compared to hybrid iterative reconstruction or DLIR alone.

Materials And Methods: Five artificial spherical GGNs with various densities (-250, -350, -450, -550, and -630 Hounsfield units) and 10 mm in diameter were placed in a thorax anthropomorphic phantom. Four scans at four different radiation dose levels were performed using a 256-slice CT (Revolution Apex CT, GE Healthcare).

Multimodal Imaging Approach for Tumor Treatment Response Evaluation in the Era of Immunotherapy.

Immunotherapy is likely the most remarkable advancement in lung cancer treatment during the past decade. Although immunotherapy provides substantial benefits, their therapeutic responses differ from those of conventional chemotherapy and targeted therapy, and some patients present unique immunotherapy response patterns that cannot be judged under the current measurement standards. Therefore, the response monitoring of immunotherapy can be challenging, such as the differentiation between real response and pseudo-response.

Pulmonary Artery Periadventitial Hematoma in a Patient with Aortic Intramural Hematoma: A Case Report.

A pulmonary artery periadventitial hematoma is a rare complication of a Stanford type A intramural hematoma. As the proximal ascending aorta and pulmonary artery share a common adventitial layer, extravasated blood from the intramural hematoma in the ascending thoracic aorta may extend to beneath the adventitia of the pulmonary artery. The authors describe a case involving a 66-year-old male with acute chest pain who presented with a pulmonary artery periadventitial hematoma associated with a Stanford type A intramural hematoma.

Next-generation sequencing using tissue specimen collected with a 1.1 mm-diameter cryoprobe in patients with lung cancer.

Background And Objective: Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis is considered standard for lung cancer diagnosis in clinical practice. Little is known about the feasibility of NGS using tumour tissue sampled with a 1.1 mm-diameter cryoprobe.

Pulmonary cryptococcosis masquerading as lung metastasis in gynecologic cancers: Two case reports.

Rationale: Pulmonary cryptococcal infections occur mainly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with malignancies. Preoperative diagnosis of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC) can be challenging for both clinicians and radiologists because of nonspecific clinical manifestations and variable radiologic features, as it is easily misdiagnosed as metastatic lung cancer.

Patient Concerns: In case 1, a 76-year-old woman with a history of cervical cancer presented with lung nodules detected on chest computed tomography (CT) 13 months after completing concurrent chemoradiotherapy.

Left Atrial Strain Derived From Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Can Predict Outcomes of Patients With Acute Myocarditis.

Objective: There is increasing recognition that left atrial (LA) strain can be a prognostic marker of various cardiac diseases. However, its prognostic value in acute myocarditis remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived parameters of LA strain can predict outcomes in patients with acute myocarditis.

Combined procedure with radial probe and convex probe endobronchial ultrasound.

Background: Concurrent bronchoscopy using radial probe and convex endobronchial ultrasound (RP- and CP-EBUS) is used to simultaneously evaluate both peripheral lung lesions for the histological diagnosis of the primary tumor and mediastinal lymph nodes for mediastinal staging. So far, little is known about the combined procedure with RP- and CP-EBUS.

Methods: Between January 2020 and March 2021, the bronchoscopy database was reviewed to identify the clinical outcomes of the combined procedure with RP- and CP-EBUS.

Usefulness of Contrast-Enhanced CT in a Patient with Acute Phlegmonous Esophagitis: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Acute phlegmonous esophagitis is a very rare, life-threatening form of esophagitis, characterized by diffuse bacterial infection and pus formation within the submucosal and muscularis layers of the esophagus. We describe a case in which contrast-enhanced chest CT was useful for evaluating the severity of phlegmonous esophagitis, which was overlooked and underestimated by endoscopy.

Incremental benefits of size-zone matrix-based radiomics features for the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma: advantage of spatial partitioning on tumor evaluation.

Objectives: Prognostic models of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) can be built using radiomics features from various categories. The size-zone matrix (SZM) features have a strong biological basis related to tumor partitioning, but their incremental benefits have not been fully explored. In our study, we aimed to evaluate the incremental benefits of SZM features for the prognosis of lung ADC.

Non-ECG-gated high-pitch CT angiography versus hybrid ECG-gated CT angiography for aorta using 512-slice CT: comparison of image quality and radiation dose.

Background: There have been few reports comparing image quality and radiation dose of aorta computed tomography angiography (CTA) between the high-pitch and the hybrid technique.

Purpose: To compare the image quality and radiation dose among non-electrocardiogram (ECG)-gated high-pitch CTA and hybrid ECG-gated CTA of the aorta using 512-slice CT.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 110 patients who underwent non-ECG-gated high-pitch CTA (group 1) or hybrid ECG-gated CTA (group 2) of the entire aorta.

Safety and Diagnostic Yield of Radial Probe Endobronchial Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy for Peripheral Lung Lesions in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Radial probe endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy (RP-EBUS-TBLB) is widely used for diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions (PLLs). To date, there have been no reports regarding the clinical outcomes of RP-EBUS-TBLB for PLLs in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).

Objectives: This study was performed between October 2017 and December 2019 to identify the safety and diagnostic performance of RP-EBUS-TBLB in IPF patients.

Radiomics-guided deep neural networks stratify lung adenocarcinoma prognosis from CT scans.

Deep learning (DL) is a breakthrough technology for medical imaging with high sample size requirements and interpretability issues. Using a pretrained DL model through a radiomics-guided approach, we propose a methodology for stratifying the prognosis of lung adenocarcinomas based on pretreatment CT. Our approach allows us to apply DL with smaller sample size requirements and enhanced interpretability.

Role of digital tomosynthesis in the context of tuberculosis contact investigation: comparisons with digital radiography.

Background: Chest radiography value as a screening tool in those exposed to pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is reduced by its lower sensitivity to detect small intrapulmonary lesions.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of digital tomosynthesis (DTS) screening of individuals that had contacted persons with active TB using low-dose computed tomography (CT) as the reference standard methods.

Material And Methods: This retrospective, community-based screening study of 90 adults who had been in close contact with a TB case was undertaken at our institution.

Tumor Margin Contains Prognostic Information: Radiomic Margin Characteristics Analysis in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients.

We aimed to investigate the relationship between tumor radiomic margin characteristics and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. We enrolled 334 patients who underwent complete resection for lung adenocarcinoma. A quantitative computed tomography analysis was performed, and 76 radiomic margin characteristics were extracted.

Feasibility of Ultra-Low-Dose CT for Bronchoscopy of Peripheral Lung Lesions.

: Thin-section computed tomography (CT) is essential for identifying small bronchi during bronchoscopy using radial endobronchial ultrasound. Some patients should receive an additional CT for a thin-section image. We performed a retrospective study with a prospectively collected database to identify the optimal radiation dose for thin-section CT during peripheral bronchoscopy.

Radiomics in Lung Cancer from Basic to Advanced: Current Status and Future Directions.

Ideally, radiomics features and radiomics signatures can be used as imaging biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, prognosis, and prediction of tumor response. Thus, the number of published radiomics studies is increasing exponentially, leading to a myriad of new radiomics-based evidence for lung cancer. Consequently, it is challenging for radiologists to keep up with the development of radiomics features and their clinical applications.

Marginal radiomics features as imaging biomarkers for pathological invasion in lung adenocarcinoma.

Objectives: Lung adenocarcinomas which manifest as ground-glass nodules (GGNs) have different degrees of pathological invasion and differentiating among them is critical for treatment. Our goal was to evaluate the addition of marginal features to a baseline radiomics model on computed tomography (CT) images to predict the degree of pathologic invasiveness.

Methods: We identified 236 patients from two cohorts (training, n = 189; validation, n = 47) who underwent surgery for GGNs.

Inflammatory Endobronchial Myofibroblastic Tumor: A Case Report.

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare benign lesion that accounts for 0.04-1% of all lung tumors and usually appears as a solitary pulmonary nodule or mass. Here, we report the case of an endobronchial inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in a 21-year-old man with a focus on the imaging findings and a review of previous literature.

A Rare Case of Tracheal Leiomyoma: Role of Digital Tomosynthesis in Diagnosis and Treatment.

Tracheal leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor, which is composed of transformed cells of mesenchymal origin. We describe a case in which digital tomosynthesis was useful to evaluate a tracheal tumor that was overlooked on initial chest radiographs.

Simultaneous Assessment of Left Ventricular Function and Coronary Artery Anatomy by Third-generation Dual-source Computed Tomography Using a Low Radiation Dose.

Background: To assess left ventricular function and coronary artery simultaneously by third-generation dual-source computed tomography (CT) using a low radiation dose.

Methods: A total of 48 patients (36 men, 12 women; mean age 57.0 ± 9.

Bronchoscopic management of solitary bronchial myelolipoma: a case report.

Background: Myelolipoma is a rare benign tumor composed of mature adipose and hematopoietic tissues. Most myelolipomas are found in the adrenal glands, whereas intrathoracic myelolipoma is extremely rare. In particular, bronchial myelolipoma without the involvement of lung parenchyma has never been reported.

Clinical outcomes of radial probe endobronchial ultrasound using a guide sheath for diagnosis of peripheral lung lesions in patients with pulmonary emphysema.

Background: Generally, structural destruction of lung parenchyma, such as pulmonary emphysema, is considered to be related to the low diagnostic yields and high complication rates of lung biopsies of peripheral lung lesions. Currently, little is known about the clinical outcomes of using endobronchial ultrasound with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) to diagnose peripheral lesions in patients with emphysema.

Methods: This retrospective study was performed to identify the clinical outcomes of EBUS-GS in patients with pulmonary emphysema.

Feasibility of low dose chest CT for virtual bronchoscopy navigation in a porcine model.

Background: Virtual bronchoscopy navigation (VBN) is widely used for assistance in the histological examination of lung nodules. However, little is known about the optimal CT radiation dose for VBN. Therefore, we performed an animal study to evaluate the feasibility of low dose CT (LDCT) for VBN.