SaeR/S-regulated factors overcome human complement-mediated inhibition of aggregation to evade neutrophil killing.

() is a frequent culprit in implant-associated infections and employs many virulence factors to escape killing by the host immune system. The specific immune evasion strategies used by small aggregates of on a surface, precursors to mature biofilm, are still relatively unknown. Time-lapse confocal microscopy was leveraged to quantify interactions between aggregates and human neutrophils in vitro and identify specific mechanisms of resistance to neutrophil killing.

Assessing the Effects of Surgical Irrigation Solutions on Human Neutrophil Interactions with Nascent Biofilms.

() is the leading cause of surgical site infections (SSIs) and is capable of biofilm growth on implanted foreign devices. The use of surgical irrigation solutions has become a common strategy to combat bacterial contamination events that occur during surgery. Despite their antimicrobial activity, SSI rates remain consistent, suggesting that low-level contamination persists.

Evidence for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi in invasive breast cancer tissues.

Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has recently been demonstrated to infect and enhance the invasive properties of breast cancer cells, while also influencing the expression of inflammatory chemokines (CXCL8 and CXCL10). This study investigates the presence of B. burgdorferi in invasive breast cancer tissues using commercially available, FDA-approved breast cancer tissue microarrays consisting of 350 ductal, 32 lobular, and 22 intraductal invasive breast carcinomas, alongside 29 normal breast tissues.

Application of international system for reporting serous fluid cytology (ISRSFC) in effusion samples-a prospective study in an oncology setting.

Introduction: Serous fluid cytology is a cost-effective procedure that can help in the diagnosis, staging, and origin of the malignancy. Recently introduced International System for Reporting Serous Fluid Cytology (ISRSFC) standardizes the reporting of serous fluid cytology in the 5 categories: Category 1: Nondiagnostic (ND), Category 2: negative for malignancy (NFM), Category 3: atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), Category 4: suspicious for malignancy (SFM), and Category 5: malignant (MAL). Here, we present our experience adopting the ISRSFC.

Epitope profiling of monoclonal antibodies to the immunodominant antigen BmGPI12 of the human pathogen .

The significant rise in the number of tick-borne diseases represents a major threat to public health worldwide. One such emerging disease is human babesiosis, which is caused by several protozoan parasites of the  genus of which is responsible for most clinical cases reported to date. Recent studies have shown that during its intraerythrocytic life cycle, exports several antigens into the mammalian host using a novel vesicular-mediated secretion mechanism.

Specific and Sensitive Diagnosis of Babesia microti Active Infection Using Monoclonal Antibodies to the Immunodominant Antigen BmGPI12.

The apicomplexan pathogen Babesia microti is responsible for most cases of human babesiosis worldwide. The disease, which presents as a malaria-like illness, is potentially fatal in immunocompromised or elderly patients, making the need for its accurate and early diagnosis an urgent public health concern. B.

Borrelia burgdorferi Co-Localizing with Amyloid Markers in Alzheimer's Disease Brain Tissues.

Background: Infections by bacterial or viral agents have been hypothesized to influence the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases.

Objective: This study examined the potential presence of Borrelia burgdorferi spirochete, the causative agent of Lyme disease, in brain autopsy tissue of patients diagnosed with either Alzheimer's (AD) or Parkinson's diseases.

Methods: Brain tissue sections from patients with age-matched controls were evaluated for antigen and DNA presence of B.

Effect of Invasion of in Normal and Neoplastic Mammary Epithelial Cells.

, the causative agent of Lyme Disease, is known to be able to disseminate and colonize various organs and tissues of its hosts, which is very crucial for its pathogenicity and survival. Recent studies have shown the presence of DNA in various breast cancer tissues, in some with poor prognosis, which raises the question about whether can interact with mammary epithelial cells and could have any effect on their physiology, including tumorigenic processes. As the model in this study, we have used MCF 10A normal and MDA-MB-231 tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells and infected both cell lines with .

Effect of dapsone alone and in combination with intracellular antibiotics against the biofilm form of B. burgdorferi.

Objective: Lyme disease is a tick-borne, multisystemic disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. Standard treatments for early Lyme disease include short courses of oral antibiotics but relapses often occur after discontinuation of treatment. Several studies have suggested that ongoing symptoms may be due to a highly antibiotic resistant form of B.

Murine Skin Model for Biofilm.

, the causative agent of Lyme disease, has been recently shown to form biofilm structures in vitro and . Biofilms are tightly clustered microbes characterized as resistant aggregations that allow bacteria to withstand harsh environmental conditions, including the administration of antibiotics. Novel antibiotic combinations have recently been identified for , however, due to prohibiting costs, those agents have not been tested in an environment that can mimic the host tissue.

Effect of Outer Membrane Vesicles on Host Oxidative Stress Response.

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are spherical bodies containing proteins and nucleic acids that are released by Gram-negative bacteria, including , the causative agent of Lyme disease. The functional relationship between OMVs and host neuron homeostasis is not well understood. The objective of this study was to examine how OMVs impact the host cell environment.

The Long-Term Persistence of Antigens and DNA in the Tissues of a Patient with Lyme Disease.

Whether the causative agent of Lyme disease, can persist for long periods in the human body has been a controversial question. The objective of this study was to see if we could find in a Lyme disease patient after a long clinical course and after long-term antibiotic treatment. Therefore, we investigated the potential presence of antigens and DNA in human autopsy tissues from a well-documented serum-, PCR-, and culture-positive Lyme disease patient, a 53-year-old female from northern Westchester County in the lower Hudson Valley Region of New York State, who had received extensive antibiotic treatments during extensive antibiotic treatments over the course of her 16-year-long illness.