Machine Learning approach to Predict net radiation over crop surfaces from global solar radiation and canopy temperature data.

As the ground-based instruments for measuring net radiation are costly and need to be handled skillfully, the net radiation data at spatial and temporal scales over Indian subcontinent are scanty. Sometimes, it is necessary to use other meteorological parameters to estimate the value of net radiation, although the prediction may vary based on season, ground cover and estimation method. In this context, artificial intelligence can be used as a powerful tool for predicting the data considering past observed data.

QC_SANE: Robust Control in DRL Using Quantile Critic With Spiking Actor and Normalized Ensemble.

Recently introduced deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques in discrete-time have resulted in significant advances in online games, robotics, and so on. Inspired from recent developments, we have proposed an approach referred to as Quantile Critic with Spiking Actor and Normalized Ensemble (QC_SANE) for continuous control problems, which uses quantile loss to train critic and a spiking neural network (NN) to train an ensemble of actors. The NN does an internal normalization using a scaled exponential linear unit (SELU) activation function and ensures robustness.

Oncogene-specific differences in tumor mutational burden, PD-L1 expression, and outcomes from immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients bearing targetable oncogene alterations typically derive limited benefit from immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), which has been attributed to low tumor mutation burden (TMB) and/or PD-L1 levels. We investigated oncogene-specific differences in these markers and clinical outcome.

Methods: Three cohorts of NSCLC patients with oncogene alterations (n=4189 total) were analyzed.

Somatic HLA Class I Loss Is a Widespread Mechanism of Immune Evasion Which Refines the Use of Tumor Mutational Burden as a Biomarker of Checkpoint Inhibitor Response.

Neoantigen presentation arises as a result of tumor-specific mutations and is a critical component of immune surveillance that can be abrogated by somatic LOH of the human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) locus. To understand the role of HLA-I LOH in oncogenesis and treatment, we utilized a pan-cancer genomic dataset of 83,644 patient samples, a small subset of which had treatment outcomes with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). HLA-I LOH was common (17%) and unexpectedly had a nonlinear relationship with tumor mutational burden (TMB).

Prevalence of High Tumor Mutational Burden and Association With Survival in Patients With Less Common Solid Tumors.

Importance: Tumor mutational burden (TMB) is a potential biomarker associated with response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies. The prognostic value associated with TMB in the absence of immunotherapy is uncertain.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of high TMB (TMB-H) and its association with overall survival (OS) among patients not treated with immunotherapy with the same 10 tumor types from the KEYNOTE-158 study.

Retrospective analysis of real-world data to determine clinical outcomes of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer following cell-free circulating tumor DNA genomic profiling.

Objectives: Liquid biopsy and comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) are increasingly used for detection of targetable genomic alterations (GA) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To examine the clinical outcomes for patients following CGP using liquid biopsy versus tissue biopsy, receipt of matched targeted therapy post-CGP and associated outcomes were evaluated in the real-world setting.

Methods: 6491 patients with NSCLC and liquid biopsy (N = 937 tests) and/or tissue (N = 5582 tests) CGP were included in a de-identified commercial clinico-genomic database.

Association of Patient Characteristics and Tumor Genomics With Clinical Outcomes Among Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Using a Clinicogenomic Database.

Importance: Data sets linking comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) to clinical outcomes may accelerate precision medicine.

Objective: To assess whether a database that combines EHR-derived clinical data with CGP can identify and extend associations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Design, Setting, And Participants: Clinical data from EHRs were linked with CGP results for 28 998 patients from 275 US oncology practices.

Mutations and PD-1 Inhibitor Resistance in -Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma.

is the most common oncogenic driver in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAC). We previously reported that (KL) or (KP) comutations define distinct subgroups of -mutant LUAC. Here, we examine the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in these subgroups.

Real-World Evidence In Support Of Precision Medicine: Clinico-Genomic Cancer Data As A Case Study.

The majority of US adult cancer patients today are diagnosed and treated outside the context of any clinical trial (that is, in the real world). Although these patients are not part of a research study, their clinical data are still recorded. Indeed, data captured in electronic health records form an ever-growing, rich digital repository of longitudinal patient experiences, treatments, and outcomes.

Mutational Landscapes of Smoking-Related Cancers in Caucasians and African Americans: Precision Oncology Perspectives at Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Cancers related to tobacco use and African-American ancestry are under-characterized by genomics. This gap in precision oncology research represents a major challenge in the health disparities in the United States. The Precision Oncology trial at the Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center enrolled 431 cancer patients from March 2015 to May 2016.

Endoscopic Features and Eosinophil Density Are Associated with Food Impaction in Adults with Esophageal Eosinophilia.

Background And Aims: Food impaction has been described in both eosinophilic esophagitis and proton pump inhibitor-responsive esophageal eosinophilia. The association between endoscopic/histologic features of esophageal eosinophilia and food impaction remains unclear. We aimed to identify clinical, endoscopic, and histologic findings associated with a history of food impaction in esophageal eosinophilia.

Enhancing the Prediction of 30-Day Readmission After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Data Extracted by Querying of the Electronic Health Record.

Background: Early readmission after percutaneous coronary intervention is an important quality metric, but prediction models from registry data have only moderate discrimination. We aimed to improve ability to predict 30-day readmission after percutaneous coronary intervention from a previously validated registry-based model.

Methods And Results: We matched readmitted to non-readmitted patients in a 1:2 ratio by risk of readmission, and extracted unstructured and unconventional structured data from the electronic medical record, including need for medical interpretation, albumin level, medical nonadherence, previous number of emergency department visits, atrial fibrillation/flutter, syncope/presyncope, end-stage liver disease, malignancy, and anxiety.

Renal Response in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Predicts Outcome Following Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) severity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in congestive heart failure. There is a paucity of data regarding renal improvement after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and its potential impact on clinical outcomes, especially in patients with severe CKD.

Method: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected cohort of 260 patients with CKD undergoing CRT at a single center.

Predicting Non-Adherence with Outpatient Colonoscopy Using a Novel Electronic Tool that Measures Prior Non-Adherence.

Background: Accurately predicting the risk of no-show for a scheduled colonoscopy can help target interventions to improve compliance with colonoscopy, and thereby reduce the disease burden of colorectal cancer and enhance the utilization of resources within endoscopy units.

Objectives: We aimed to utilize information available in an electronic medical record (EMR) and endoscopy scheduling system to create a predictive model for no-show risk, and to simultaneously evaluate the role for natural language processing (NLP) in developing such a model.

Design: This was a retrospective observational study using discovery and validation phases to design a colonoscopy non-adherence prediction model.

Pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dilation predict clinical outcome in cardiac resynchronization therapy.

Objectives: This study examined the prognostic significance of pre- and post-capillary components of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).

Background: PH is common in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) receiving CRT. The impact of PH subtype on clinical outcome in CRT is unknown.

Usefulness and consequences of cardiac resynchronization therapy in dialysis-dependent patients with heart failure.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is often deferred in dialysis-dependent patients with heart failure (HF) because of a perceived lack of benefit and potentially higher risks, although the outcomes associated with CRT in dialysis have not been reported. We therefore studied our center's experience with CRT in dialysis-dependent patients. We constructed a descriptive assessment of these patients (n = 15) and performed a case-control analysis matching for age, gender, bundle branch morphology, diabetes mellitus, cardiomyopathy origin, and β-blocker and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin II receptor blocker use.

A web-based patient tool for preventive health: preliminary report.

Background: The Internet is a promising medium for engaging the community in preventive care and health promotion, particularly among those who do not routinely access health care.

Objective: The authors pilot-tested a novel website that translates evidence-based preventive health guidelines into a patient health education tool. The web-based tool allows individuals to enter their health risk factors and receive a tailored checklist of recommended preventive health services based on up-to-date guidelines from the US Preventive Services Task Force and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices.

Lateralization of face processing in the human brain.

Are visual face processing mechanisms the same in the left and right cerebral hemispheres? The possibility of such 'duplicated processing' seems puzzling in terms of neural resource usage, and we currently lack a precise characterization of the lateral differences in face processing. To address this need, we have undertaken a three-pronged approach. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed cortical sensitivity to facial semblance, the modulatory effects of context and temporal response dynamics.