The Intensity Inequality Index for Physical Activity: A New Metric for Integrative Analysis of Movement.

Background: Wearable sensors recording acceleration provide a powerful tool for analysis of physical activity (PA). Continuous, high-rate data acquisition over extended periods gives highly resolved measurement of movement intensity. While increased complexity of PA analytics allows for deeper insight, it brings a challenge to statistical testing, where commonly used approaches require a single defining metric for PA per participant.

Average acceleration and intensity gradient of 9-11-year-old rural and urban Kenyan school-going children and associations with cardiorespiratory fitness and BMI: The Kenya-LINX project.

Background: Physical activity (PA) is crucial for children's health, cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and weight status. However, research on the PA profiles of Kenyan children, especially between rural and urban areas, is limited.

Method: This study examined the PA profiles of 537 school-aged children (51.

Differences Between Health- and Skill-Related Physical Fitness Profiles of Kenyan Children from Urban and Rural Areas: The Kenya-LINX Project.

Physical fitness is a key indicator of children's health, yet amidst rising inactivity and obesity, data on Kenyan children are scarce. This study assessed health- and skill-related fitness differences between rural and urban Kenyan children while examining demographic influences. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), BMI, strength, flexibility, speed, agility, and coordination were assessed in 1131 children aged 11.

Objectively measured 24-h movement behaviours of child-guardian pairs in low-to-middle income households in Nairobi City County, Kenya.

Background: The decreasing prevalence of physical activity (PA) among urban children in Sub-Saharan Africa is a growing public health concern. More emphasis should focus on examining the influence of parental PA behaviour on the children's PA patterns. We explored associations of 24 ​hour (h) accelerometer-measured movement behaviours of guardian-child pairs in Nairobi City County, Kenya.

How to improve the transferability of a 12-week home-space sedentary behaviour intervention for ethnically diverse older adults: a qualitative study protocol of key stakeholder perspectives.

Introduction: In the UK, the number of ethnically diverse older adults (OA) is growing. These individuals suffer complex health issues that are made worse by socioeconomic status, acculturation experiences and language barriers. Additionally, this varied group is the least active and a highly sedentary subgroup in the general population, which poses serious health concerns.

The 24-hour movement behaviour compositions of children with and without impaired motor coordination: The Moves-UP project.

The 24-hour movement behaviours, including sleep, sedentary behaviour (SB), and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) are crucial for a child's healthy growth and development. Yet, the full 24-hour movement behaviour composition has not been thoroughly explored in children with suspected Developmental Coordination Disorder (sDCD). The aim of this study was to compare the 24-hour movement behaviour compositions of children with sDCD to their typically developing (TD) peers and to assess the associations between movement behaviours and motor competence.

Cohort profile: Health and Attainment of Pupils in a Primary Education National Cohort (HAPPEN) - a hybrid total population cohort in Wales, UK.

Purpose: Health and Attainment of Pupils in a Primary Education National (HAPPEN) is a primary school national cohort which brings together education, health and well-being research in line with the Curriculum for Wales framework. Health, education and social care data are linked and held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank. In addition, school-aged children complete the HAPPEN Survey to inform the design and implementation of the Health and Well-being curriculum.

Health and Liver Diagnostic Markers Influencing Glycemia in Subjects with Prediabetes: Preview Study.

Introduction: Glucose homeostasis may be dependent on liver conditions and influence health-related markers and quality of life (QoL) objective measurements. This study aimed to analyze the interactions of glycemia with liver and health status in a prediabetic population.

Subjects And Methods: This study included 2220 overweight/obese prediabetics from the multinational PREVIEW project.

Residential mobility amongst children and young people in Wales: A longitudinal study using linked administrative records.

Background: Child poverty remains a major global concern and a child's experience of deprivation is heavily shaped by where they live and the stability of their local neighbourhood. This study examines frequencies and patterns of residential mobility in children and young people (CYP) at a population level using novel geospatial techniques to assess how often their physical environment changes and to identify geographical variations in social mobility.

Methods: We used routinely collected administrative records held in the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) Databank for CYP aged under 18 years living in Wales between 2012 and 2022.

A multi-method feasibility trial of a multi-component behaviour change intervention to reduce sedentary behaviour and increase physical activity among ethnically diverse older adults.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) are important indicators of well-being and quality of life in older adults (OAs). However, OAs are the least active and highly sedentary of all the age groups. The present study intends to examine the feasibility of a wearable gadget to remind users to break sitting time (by standing up and moving more), coupled with a brief health coaching session, pamphlet and reminder messages to decrease SB and improve PA.

Understanding variations in the built environment over time to inform longitudinal studies of young children's physical activity behaviour - The BEACHES project.

We know relatively little about the role the neighbourhood built environment plays in promoting young children's physical activity, particularly its longitudinal effect either through repeated exposure to the same environment or through change in exposure by moving from one neighbourhood to another. This study characterised the neighbourhood environment of young children in the PLAYCE cohort study over three timepoints from 2015 to 2023. There were statistically significant differences in built environment attributes between timepoints and across socio-economic status, however they did not represent practically significant differences.

Hybrid Evaluation of a Lifestyle Change Program to Prevent the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Among Individuals With Prediabetes: Intended and Observed Changes in Intervening Mechanisms.

Background: Lifestyle interventions can prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D) by successfully inducing behavioral changes (eg, avoiding physical inactivity and sedentariness, increasing physical activity and/or healthy eating) that reduce body weight and normalize metabolic levels (eg, HbA1c). For interventions to be successful, it is important to influence "behavioral mechanisms" such as self-efficacy, which motivate behavioral changes. Theory-based expectations of how self-efficacy, chronic stress, and mood changed over time were investigated through a group-based behavior change intervention (PREMIT).

Children and young people's body mass index measures derived from routine data sources: A national data linkage study in Wales.

Background: Routine monitoring of Body Mass Index (BMI) in general practice, and via national surveillance programmes, is essential for the identification, prevention, and management of unhealthy childhood weight. We examined and compared the presence and representativeness of children and young people's (CYPs) BMI recorded in two routinely collected administrative datasets: general practice electronic health records (GP-BMI) and the Child Measurement Programme for Wales (CMP-BMI), which measures height and weight in 4-5-year-old school children. We also assessed the feasibility of combining GP-BMI and CMP-BMI data for longitudinal analyses.

Combining diaries and accelerometers to explain change in physical activity during a lifestyle intervention for adults with pre-diabetes: A PREVIEW sub-study.

Self-report and device-based measures of physical activity (PA) both have unique strengths and limitations; combining these measures should provide complementary and comprehensive insights to PA behaviours. Therefore, we aim to 1) identify PA clusters and clusters of change in PA based on self-reported daily activities and 2) assess differences in device-based PA between clusters in a lifestyle intervention, the PREVIEW diabetes prevention study. In total, 232 participants with overweight and prediabetes (147 women; 55.

The use of Enhanced Vegetation Index for assessing access to different types of green space in epidemiological studies.

Background: Exposure to green space can protect against poor health through a variety of mechanisms. However, there is heterogeneity in methodological approaches to exposure assessments which makes creating effective policy recommendations challenging.

Objective: Critically evaluate the use of a satellite-derived exposure metric, the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI), for assessing access to different types of green space in epidemiological studies.

Role of Eating Behavior and Stress in Maintenance of Dietary Changes During the PREVIEW Intervention.

Objective: To examine whether eating behavior and perceived stress predict the maintenance of self-reported dietary change and adherence to dietary instructions during an intervention.

Design: A secondary analysis of the behavior maintenance stage (6-36 months) of the 3-year PREVIEW intervention (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World).

Participants: Adults (n = 1,311) with overweight and prediabetes at preintervention baseline.

Older adults' perspectives on physical activity and sedentary behaviour within their home using socio-ecological model.

Background: There are few studies that focus explicitly on the impact of the home environment on older adults' sedentary behaviour (SB) and physical activity (PA) using the socio-ecological model (SEM). This study aims to investigate older adults' PA and SB within the home environment integrating the SEM as a theoretical framework.

Methods: A qualitative exploratory research design was employed to conduct 33 in-depth interviews (IDIs) and five focus group (FGs; n = 16) with multi-diverse ethnic older adults (mean age 72±5 years).

Green-blue space exposure changes and impact on individual-level well-being and mental health: a population-wide dynamic longitudinal panel study with linked survey data.

Background: Cross-sectional evidence suggests that living near green and blue spaces benefits mental health; longitudinal evidence is limited.

Objectives: To quantify the impact of changes in green and blue spaces on common mental health disorders, well-being and health service use.

Design: A retrospective, dynamic longitudinal panel study.

Ambient greenness, access to local green spaces, and subsequent mental health: a 10-year longitudinal dynamic panel study of 2·3 million adults in Wales.

Background: Living in greener areas, or close to green and blue spaces (GBS; eg, parks, lakes, or beaches), is associated with better mental health, but longitudinal evidence when GBS exposures precede outcomes is less available. We aimed to analyse the effect of living in or moving to areas with more green space or better access to GBS on subsequent adult mental health over time, while explicitly considering health inequalities.

Methods: A cohort of the people in Wales, UK (≥16 years; n=2 341 591) was constructed from electronic health record data sources from Jan 1, 2008 to Oct 31, 2019, comprising 19 141 896 person-years of follow-up.

Motor Competence between Children with and without Additional Learning Needs: A Cross-Sectional Population-Level Study.

The aim of this study was to examine associations in motor competence between children with additional learning needs (ALN) and typically developing children. This cross-sectional study involved a nationally representative cohort of 4555 children (48.98% boys; 11.

Socio-economic factors, mood, primary care utilization, and quality of life as predictors of intervention cessation and chronic stress in a type 2 diabetes prevention intervention (PREVIEW Study).

Background: Sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet combined with overweight are risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). Lifestyle interventions with weight-loss are effective in T2D-prevention, but unsuccessful completion and chronic stress may hinder efficacy. Determinants of chronic stress and premature cessation at the start of the 3-year PREVIEW study were examined.

Associations of obesity phenotypes with weight change, cardiometabolic benefits, and type 2 diabetes incidence during a lifestyle intervention: results from the PREVIEW study.

Background/objectives: Some individuals with overweight/obesity may be relatively metabolically healthy (MHO) and have a lower risk of cardiovascular disease than those with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUO). We aimed to compare changes in body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors and type 2 diabetes incidence during a lifestyle intervention between individuals with MHO vs MUO.

Methods: This post-hoc analysis included 1012 participants with MHO and 1153 participants with MUO at baseline in the randomized trial PREVIEW.

Visiting nature is associated with lower socioeconomic inequalities in well-being in Wales.

Natural environments can promote well-being through multiple mechanisms. Many studies have investigated relationships between residential green/blue space (GBS) and well-being, fewer explore relationships with actual use of GBS. We used a nationally representative survey, the National Survey for Wales, anonymously linked with spatial GBS data to investigate associations of well-being with both residential GBS and time in nature (N = 7631).

Wealth and obesity in pre-adolescents and their guardians: A first step in explaining non-communicable disease-related behaviour in two areas of Nairobi City County.

The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is increasing in lower-middle-income countries as these countries transition to unhealthy lifestyles. The transition is mostly predominant in urban areas. We assessed the association between wealth and obesity in two sub-counties in Nairobi City County, Kenya, in the context of family and poverty.