Cross-modality image synthesis from TOF-MRA to CTA using diffusion-based models.

Cerebrovascular disease often requires multiple imaging modalities for accurate diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA) and Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography (TOF-MRA) are two common non-invasive angiography techniques, each with distinct strengths in accessibility, safety, and diagnostic accuracy. While CTA is more widely used in acute stroke due to its faster acquisition times and higher diagnostic accuracy, TOF-MRA is preferred for its safety, as it avoids radiation exposure and contrast agent-related health risks.

Multinational Attitudes Toward AI in Health Care and Diagnostics Among Hospital Patients.

Importance: The successful implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care depends on its acceptance by key stakeholders, particularly patients, who are the primary beneficiaries of AI-driven outcomes.

Objectives: To survey hospital patients to investigate their trust, concerns, and preferences toward the use of AI in health care and diagnostics and to assess the sociodemographic factors associated with patient attitudes.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study developed and implemented an anonymous quantitative survey between February 1 and November 1, 2023, using a nonprobability sample at 74 hospitals in 43 countries.

Spatial Projection Ratio: A Novel Shape Index to Evaluate Aneurysm Rupture Risk Using Three-dimensional Geometry.

Shape indices such as size ratio are valuable for diagnosing aneurysm rupture status and may influence rupture risk. However, as these indices are calculated based on two-dimensional measurements, bias may arise from observation directions. To address this, we developed a novel parameter, spatial projection ratio, utilizing three-dimensional geometry.

Hounsfield units vs. vertebral bone quality score: which is a better predictor of screw loosening after single-level lumbar interbody fusion?

Purpose: To clarify the ability of the preoperative CT Hounsfield units (HU) of the vertebrae and MRI-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score in predicting screw loosening following lumbar interbody fusion.

Methods: Patients with lumbar degenerative disease who underwent single-level lumbar interbody fusion at five hospitals were enrolled. The HU were assessed at vertebral body and pedicle.

Deep learning-based fine-grained assessment of aneurysm wall characteristics using 4D-CT angiography.

Purpose: This study proposes a novel deep learning-based approach for aneurysm wall characteristics, including thin-walled (TW) and hyperplastic-remodeling (HR) regions.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed fifty-two unruptured cerebral aneurysms employing 4D-computed tomography angiography (4D-CTA) and intraoperative recordings. The TW and HR regions were identified in intraoperative images.

Comparison of ELAPSS Score and Computational Fluid Dynamics for Predicting Growth of Small Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms.

ELAPSS score is commonly utilized for predicting the growth of unruptured cerebral aneurysms. However, its application is unsuitable for small aneurysms with high demand for growth prediction. Consequently, we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of semi-quantitative assessment using the ELAPSS score and hemodynamic parameters using computational fluid dynamics in small aneurysms.

Deep learning-based multiclass segmentation in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Introduction: Radiological scores used to assess the extent of subarachnoid hemorrhage are limited by intrarater and interrater variability and do not utilize all available information from the imaging. Image segmentation enables precise identification and delineation of objects or regions of interest and offers the potential for automatization of score assessments using precise volumetric information. Our study aims to develop a deep learning model that enables automated multiclass segmentation of structures and pathologies relevant for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage outcome prediction.

Reliability of ABC/2 volumetric estimation in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage for hematoma expansion prediction scores.

Introduction: Prediction scores for hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), such as the 9-point and BRAIN scores, were developed predominantly using planimetry to measure hematoma volume. In this study, we aim to investigate whether the ABC/2 formula, which is known to overestimate hematoma volume, can be reliably used as a substitute for planimetry in these prediction scores.

Patients And Methods: A total of 429 patients from four hospitals were retrospectively enrolled.

Prediction of hematoma expansion in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage using a multimodal neural network.

Hematoma expansion occasionally occurs in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), associating with poor outcome. Multimodal neural networks incorporating convolutional neural network (CNN) analysis of images and neural network analysis of tabular data are known to show promising results in prediction and classification tasks. We aimed to develop a reliable multimodal neural network model that comprehensively analyzes CT images and clinical variables to predict hematoma expansion.

Temporal Shape Changes of Pedicle Screw-rod Constructs After Lumbar Interbody Fusion.

Study Design: Retrospective multicenter study.

Objective: To examine the shape change of screw-rod constructs over time after short-segment lumbar interbody fusion and to clarify its relationship to clinical characteristics.

Summary Of Background Data: No study has focused on the shape change of screw-rod constructs after short-segment fusion and its clinical implications.

Hemodynamic differences of posterior communicating artery aneurysms between adult and fetal types of posterior cerebral artery.

Background: The recanalization of posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysms after endovascular treatment has been analyzed by various factors. However, the differences between adult and fetal types of posterior cerebral artery (PCA) have not been fully investigated. The main aim of this study was to investigate hemodynamic differences of PCoA aneurysms between adult and fetal types using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Computational fluid dynamics for predicting the growth of small unruptured cerebral aneurysms.

Objective: Larger cerebral aneurysms are more likely to enlarge, but even small aneurysms can grow. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic characteristics regarding the growth of small aneurysms using computational fluid dynamics (CFD).

Methods: The authors analyzed 185 patients with 215 unruptured cerebral aneurysms with a maximum diameter of 3-5 mm, registered in a multicenter prospective observational study of unruptured aneurysms (Systematic Multicenter Study of Unruptured Cerebral Aneurysms Based on Rheological Technique at Mie) from January 2013 to February 2022.

An alternative method to evaluate lumbar interbody fusion status focusing on position change of screw-rod constructs.

Objectives: The evaluation of lumbar interbody fusion status is generally subjective and may differ among raters. The authors examined whether the assessment of position change of screw-rod constructs could be an alternative method for the evaluation of fusion status.

Methods: Sixty-three patients undergoing lumbar interbody single-level fusion were retrospectively reviewed.

Glioblastoma with concomitant moyamoya vasculopathy in neurofibromatosis type 1: illustrative case.

Background: In a case of concurrent glioblastoma and moyamoya vasculopathy, it is arduous to safely perform surgery because the brain is highly vulnerable and collaterals are sometimes well developed. In addition, radiotherapy carries a risk of aggravating moyamoya vasculopathy, and chemotherapeutic agents also have a risk of interfering with collateral development.

Observations: A 48-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 was admitted because of left hemiparesis and hemispatial neglect.

Machine learning prediction of hematoma expansion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage.

To examine whether machine learning (ML) approach can be used to predict hematoma expansion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with accuracy and widespread applicability, we applied ML algorithms to multicenter clinical data and CT findings on admission. Patients with acute ICH from three hospitals (n = 351) and those from another hospital (n = 71) were retrospectively assigned to the development and validation cohorts, respectively. To develop ML predictive models, the k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) algorithm, logistic regression, support vector machines (SVMs), random forests, and XGBoost were applied to the patient data in the development cohort.

Pathological haemodynamics of a middle cerebral artery stenosis validated by computational fluid dynamics.

Intracranial arterial stenosis (ICAS) is one of the important causes of ischaemic stroke. However, the treatment for ICAS is not optimised, including medical therapies, because the mechanisms are diverse. The authors report a case of severe middle cerebral arterial stenosis accompanied by a floating thrombus, which caused artery-to-artery cerebral emboli.

A Ruptured Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm with Infra-optic Course of the Anterior Cerebral Artery: A Case Report and a Short Review.

Infra-optic course of the anterior cerebral artery (IOA) is rare and approximately 55 cases of this anomaly have been described. We present a case of a ruptured anterior communicating artery (ACoA) aneurysm arising at the junction between the left IOA and the bilateral A2 segments, at which the right A1 segment was absent. One of the recurrent arteries of Heubner branched off directly from the aneurysmal dome, and was obstructed at aneurysmal neck clipping via an anterior interhemispheric (AIH) approach.

Radiolucent Zone around Screws is Associated with Position Change of Screw-rod Constructs.

Purpose: A radiologic assessment method to measure position change of screw-rod constructs over time by superposing the 3‑dimensional images assists in quantitative evaluation of screw loosening. We investigated the association between position change and radiolucent zone that was commonly used for diagnosing screw loosening.

Methods: In this study 101 patients who underwent lumbar fusion were reviewed.

Computational Fluid Dynamics for Cerebral Aneurysms in Clinical Settings.

Hemodynamics is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral aneurysms and recent development of computer technology makes it possible to simulate blood flow using high-resolution 3D images within several hours. A lot of studies of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for cerebral aneurysms were reported; therefore, application of CFD for cerebral aneurysms in clinical settings is reviewed in this article.CFD for cerebral aneurysms using a patient-specific geometry model was first reported in 2003 and it has been revealing that hemodynamics brings a certain contribution to understanding aneurysm pathology, including initiation, growth and rupture.

Measurement of human blood viscosity a using Falling Needle Rheometer and the correlation to the Modified Herschel-Bulkley model equation.

We measured the blood viscosity of 25 male and 25 female healthy people (total 50) using a compact-sized falling needle viscometer (Falling Needle Rheometer) capable of highly accurate measurements. Based on the analysis of the flow characteristics, most of the blood specific non-Newtonian fluid (Casson fluid) behavior was confirmed. Additionally, the blood from males has a higher apparent viscosity and Casson yield value than that from women.

A screw position change at an early postoperative stage preceding the subsequent occurrence of screw loosening.

Purpose: The authors recently proposed the novel radiologic assessment method to measure chronological screw position changes precisely. The aim of this study was to predict the late occurrence of screw loosening, which was diagnosed by the radiographic lucent zone, by evaluating screw position changes at an early postoperative stage using the novel method.

Methods: Forty-three patients who underwent thoracolumbar screw fixation and follow-up computed tomography (CT) scans on the day, between 1 and 5 weeks, and at more than 6 months after surgery were retrospectively evaluated.