Cerebrospinal fluid and serum biomarkers in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: A systematic review.

Objective: This study aimed to systematically review the literature on soluble biomarkers in adults with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH).

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension is a multifactorial disorder marked by elevated intracranial pressure without a clear cause. Although it primarily affects overweight women of reproductive age, its pathogenesis remains incompletely understood.

Multifocal intravestibulocochlear and intracranial vestibular schwannomas: illustrative case.

Background: Eighth cranial nerve schwannomas represent a rare pathological condition, and their sporadic unilateral multifocal presentation is even more uncommon. Here, the authors present a rare case of multifocal intravestibulocochlear and intracranial vestibular schwannomas (VSs) and review analogous cases in the existing literature.

Observations: A 54-year-old female patient presented to the authors' clinic in March 2024 with complaints of left-sided hearing loss, tinnitus, and vertigo.

Glioblastoma: Overview of Proteomic Investigations and Biobank Approaches for the Development of a Multidisciplinary Translational Network.

Glioblastoma is a highly aggressive, infiltrative brain tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). Its extensive molecular and biochemical heterogenicity hinders the identification of reliable biomarkers and therapeutic targets, thereby making prognosis and existing therapy ineffective. In recent years, breakthroughs in the use of proteomics on a range of biological samples, such as plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), tissues, brain cells, and exosomes, represent a potential improvement to GBM investigations.

Advancing treatment strategies for idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: a systematic review on studies comparing ventricular and lumbo-peritoneal shunts.

Idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is characterized by the clinical triad of gait disturbance, cognitive decline, and urinary incontinence. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) diversion is the gold standard treatment. Despite ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS) is more commonly used, lumbo-peritoneal shunt (LPS) offers a minimally invasive alternative, raising questions about their relative efficacy and safety.

Association of Diet With Treatment Response in Dogs With Chronic Enteropathy: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Background: Hydrolyzed protein diets are commonly used in the first-line approach to the treatment of dogs with naïve-chronic enteropathy (naïve-CE).

Objectives: To characterize the responses of naïve-CE dogs transitioned to a hydrolyzed diet and to assess the efficacy of an additional dietary trial in dogs with NRE.

Animals: Eighty-one dogs with naïve-CE and 23 dogs with NRE.

Clinical outcomes and hemorrhagic or thromboembolic risks in decompressive craniectomy for patients taking antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy.

Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is a critical surgical intervention for elevated intracranial pressure. However, the impact of preoperative antiplatelet or anticoagulant therapy on outcomes and complications remains unclear. A retrospective-prospective study was conducted on 145 patients undergoing DC between November 2021 and May 2023.

Evaluation of clinical outcome and predictive factors for thromboembolism or hemorrhagic complications in patients treated for chronic subdural hematoma. A prospective observational study.

The impact of anticoagulant and antiplatelet medications on clinical outcome and risk of complications is uncertain in chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) patients. Currently, evidence-based guidelines and specific neurosurgical scores lacks. CHA₂DS₂-VASc and HAS-BLED scores have been proven to help predicting complications in the perioperative period of non-cardiac surgeries.

Anterior Petrosectomy vs. Retrosigmoid Approach-Surgical Anatomy and Navigation-Augmented Morphometric Analysis: A Comparative Study in Cadaveric Laboratory Setting.

Background: Different lateral and postero-lateral cranial approaches to the petroclival region and to the mid-upper brain stem have been described so far, some of which require extensive osseous demolition and possible damage of neurovascular structures. Neuronavigational systems are now extensively available for preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation to assist the surgeons in choosing the optimally invasive approach for each pathology. Herein, we describe a detailed navigation-augmented morphometric analysis to bring insight into the usefulness of an anterior petrosectomy (AP) to handle lesions in the petroclival region.

Long-Term Headache Outcome and Radiological Correlates in Patients With Intracranial Hypotension.

Background: Headache is the most common presenting symptom of intracranial hypotension (IH), and it usually has orthostatic features. However, the outcome of IH and the persistence and characteristics of headache are still overlooked.

Methods: In this cohort study, patients diagnosed with IH in our institute between 2018 and 2024 were included.

Indications for Surgery and Surgical Options in Chiari Malformation: WFNS Spine Committee Recommendations.

Study Design: A systematic literature review and consensus using Delphi method.

Objectives: This review aims to create recommendations on the surgical indications and approaches to treat Chiari malformation (CM) with or without syringomyelia.

Summary Of Background Data: Despite the growing body of knowledge on CM, there are diverse and sometimes contradicting perspectives about surgical indications and procedures in both pediatric and adult populations.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging as Neurologic Predictor in Patients Affected by Traumatic Brain Injury: Scoping Review.

: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), a variant of Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI), enables a neuroanatomical microscopic-like examination of the brain, which can detect brain damage using physical parameters. DTI's application to traumatic brain injury (TBI) has the potential to reveal radiological features that can assist in predicting the clinical outcomes of these patients. What is the ongoing role of DTI in detecting brain alterations and predicting neurological outcomes in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury and/or diffuse axonal injury? : A scoping review of the PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Unusual anatomic variation: The posterior inferior cerebellar artery arising from the middle meningeal artery.

An adult patient was admitted to our emergency department for a first episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a temporal intracranial hemorrhage and parenchymal edema caused by a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), whose angioarchitecture was better understood through the DSA which showed as intriguing and rare vascular anomaly the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) from the middle meningeal artery (MMA). The endovascular treatment of the DAVF was then successfully performed.

Management of intracranial and orbital complications of acute rhinosinusitis and acute otitis media in the post covid-19 era in pediatric patients.

Purpose: Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) and acute otitis media (AOM) are common diseases in pediatric populations that rarely lead to intracranial infection and/or orbital complications. The incidence of these complications has increased in recent years and the main aim of this study is to analyze the tendency of this increase during the pandemic years, compared with the pre-pandemic era and to propose our management of ABRS and AOM.

Method: Clinical data from children, admitted to our hospital during the period from January 2018 to March 2024 with a diagnosis of complicated ABRS and AOM was collected.

Interposition versus transposition technique in microvascular decompression for trigeminal neuralgia secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia: a systematic review and pooled meta-analysis.

Introduction: Limited data are available comparing the interposition and transposition techniques for microvascular decompression (MVD) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) secondary to vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD); this study aims to review current findings on TN associated with VBD and compare the interposition and transposition techniques in terms of surgical morbidity and patient outcomes.

Methods: Following the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and SCOPUS databases were searched to identify studies reporting patients undergoing MVD for TN secondary to VBD. The studies were divided into two groups, interposition and transposition, based on the microvascular decompression technique used.

Early osteointegration in "one-step" resection and reconstruction using porous hydroxyapatite custom implants for skull-infiltrating tumors: a monocentric prospective series.

Background: Early reconstruction of the skull represents the gold standard after resection of bone infiltrating cranial tumors. Customized hydroxyapatite porous ceramics are an excellent option for covering skull bone defects. The authors illustrate the surgical technique and investigate the effectiveness of the "one-step" procedure in terms of aesthetic results and early degree of osteointegration.

Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia Secondary to Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia: Review of the Literature and Illustrative Case.

Classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a chronic pain disorder characterized by severe, unilateral facial pain, often resulting from vasculonervous conflict. A less common cause of TN is vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD). Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the preferred surgical intervention for TN, but in case of VBD, the surgical procedure is more complex due to the aberrant vascular anatomy.

Iatrogenic intracranial hypotension secondary to subarachnoid-pleural fistula after transthoracic surgery for the treatment of lateral thoracic meningocele.

Subarachnoid-pleural fistula (SPF), a rare complication following transthoracic spinal surgery, results in the accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the pleural space. Hindered spontaneous closure, attributed to negative pleural pressure, gives rise to CSF hypotension and subdural blood collections. Despite numerous reported cases, achieving consensus on management remains elusive.

Chiari Formation or Malformation? Trends in the Pathophysiology and Surgical Treatment of an Ever-Elusive Entity.

: Chiari malformation type 1 (CM1) remains a complex neurosurgical condition with ongoing debate regarding its optimal management. : This narrative review examines key controversies surrounding the pathophysiology, surgical indications, and treatment strategies for CM1. : We highlight the challenges posed by the wide spectrum of CM variants and the evolving understanding of its association with syringomyelia, basilar invagination, and craniovertebral instability.

Not Every Size Fits All: Surgical Corridors for Clival and Cervical Chordomas-A Systematic Review of the Literature and Illustrative Cases.

Clival chordomas represent a rare but clinically significant subset of skull base tumors, characterized by a locally aggressive nature and a location in proximity to vital neurovascular structures. Surgical resection, often combined with adjuvant therapies, remains the cornerstone of clival chordoma treatment, and various approaches and techniques have evolved to maximize tumor removal while preserving neurological function. Recent advancements in skull base surgery, imaging, and adjuvant therapies have improved outcomes by reducing morbidity and thus enhancing long-term survival.

Therapeutic inhibition of isocitrate dehydrogenase mutations in glioma and cholangiocarcinoma: new insights and promises-a narrative review.

Background And Objective: The identification of mutation hot spots in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes is one of the most important cancer genome-wide sequencing discoveries with relevant impact in the treatment of some orphan tumors. These genes were mostly found mutated in lower-grade gliomas (LGGs), acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) and in cholangiocarcinoma. This aberrant genomic condition represents a therapeutic target of great interest in cancer research, especially in AML, given the limitations of currently approved therapies in this field.

Bone Regeneration and Polyetheretherketone Implants in Maxillo-Facial Surgery and Neurosurgery: A Multidisciplinary Study.

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in the last few years has emerged as an exceedingly promising material for craniofacial defects due to its biocompatibility and mechanical properties. However, its utilization remains controversial due to its inertness and low osteoinductivity. This study aimed to investigate the postoperative outcomes of patients undergoing maxillo-facial and neurosurgical procedures with PEEK implants.

A Three-Step Submandibular Retropharyngeal Approach to the Craniovertebral Junction: Is Less Always More?

: Accessing the craniovertebral junction poses unique challenges due to its anatomical complexity and proximity to critical structures, such as the cord-brainstem junction, great vessels of the neck, cranial nerves, oropharynx, and rhinopharynx. Among the approaches that have been developed over the years, the submandibular retropharyngeal approach offers good antero-lateral access without the need of transgressing mucosal layers. In its traditional form, however, this approach involves multiple sequential steps and requires intricate dissection, extensive retraction, and meticulous maneuvering, which can increase operative time and produce approach-related morbidity.

Surgical treatment for insular gliomas. A systematic review and meta-analysis on behalf of the EANS neuro-oncology section.

Introduction: The appropriate surgical management of insular gliomas is controversial. Management strategies vary considerably between centers.

Research Question: To provide robust resection, functional and epilepsy outcome figures, study growth patterns and tumor classification paradigms, analyze surgical approaches, mapping/monitoring strategies, surgery for insular glioblastoma, as well as molecular findings, and to identify open questions for future research.