An open-source platform for structured annotation and computational workflows in digital pathology research.

The rapid evolution of digital pathology has enabled large-scale data acquisition, driving sophisticated clinical research and advancing the development of AI-driven tools. These innovations have also revolutionised histopathological slide review, especially the annotation step (i.e.

Storage Time and DNA Quality Determine Sequencing Success in Prostate Cancer: A Multicentre Analysis with Therapeutic Implications.

Background: Approximately 25.0% of metastatic prostate cancer patients harbour DNA damage repair mutations, including and , which are actionable targets for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Accurate detection of /2 mutations is critical for guiding targeted therapies, but crucial pre-analytical factors, such as tissue storage duration and DNA fragmentation, drastically affect the reliability of next-generation sequencing (NGS) using real-world diagnostic specimens.

PSMA-Targeted Biopsy With Fusion Guidance for Detecting Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Men With Negative MRI-Feasibility and Diagnostic Performance of a Pilot Single-Center Prospective Study.

Introduction: Contemporary prostate biopsy utilizes multiparametric magnetic resonance (MRI) guidance; however, it may fail to identify a non-negligible proportion of men with clinically significant (csPCa). The main objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and diagnostic performance of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen-Target biopsy (PSMA-TB) to diagnose csPCa in men with negative MRI and high clinical risk of PCa.

Patients And Methods: Open-label, single-center, nonrandomized, prospective study.

Insights into the impact of chromosome 3p mutations in advanced renal cell carcinoma treated with immune-based combinations or targeted therapy: A single-center experience.

Background: Immune-based combinations have transformed first-line treatment for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), but reliable biomarkers for patient selection remain elusive. Chromosome 3p mutations (e.g.

Prognostic Value of Cribriform and Intraductal Carcinoma in Grade Group 2 Prostate Cancer With and Without Synchronous Nodal Metastases at Radical Prostatectomy: Results From a Case-control Matched, Multicenter Study.

Objective: To evaluate the occurrence and the oncological predictive value of cribriform growth and/or intraductal carcinoma (CR/IDC) in patients with ISUP grade group (GG) 2 prostate cancer (PCa) at radical prostatectomy (RP) with and without synchronous nodal metastases in a multicenter, international cohort.

Methods: We identified 1060 patients who underwent RP with ISUP GG2 PCa at histopathology and a pelvic lymph node dissection from 3 tertiary referral centers. Of these, 79 (7.

PD-L1 and IFN-γ modulate Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) cell plasticity associated to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-mediated hyperprogressive disease (HPD).

Background: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown remarkable clinical efficacy, they can also induce a paradoxical cancer acceleration, known as hyperprogressive disease (HPD), whose causative mechanisms are still unclear.

Methods: This study investigated the mechanisms of ICI resistance in an HPD-NSCLC model.

[68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT for Staging Suspected/Confirmed Lung Cancer: Results on the Surgical Cohort Within a Monocentric Prospective Trial.

Background/objectives: To evaluate T&N-staging diagnostic performance of [68Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 PET/CT (FAPI) in a suspected/confirmed lung cancer surgical cohort.

Methods: Patients were enrolled in a prospective monocentric trial (EudraCT: 2021-006570-23) to perform FAPI, in addition to conventional-staging-flow-chart (including [18F]F-FDG PET/CT-FDG). For the current purpose, only surgical patients were included.

Obesogenic High-Fat Diet and MYC Cooperate to Promote Lactate Accumulation and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling in Prostate Cancer.

Unlabelled: Cancer cells exhibit metabolic plasticity to meet oncogene-driven dependencies while coping with nutrient availability. A better understanding of how systemic metabolism impacts the accumulation of metabolites that reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) and drive cancer could facilitate development of precision nutrition approaches. Using the Hi-MYC prostate cancer mouse model, we demonstrated that an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fats accelerates the development of c-MYC-driven invasive prostate cancer through metabolic rewiring.

Chromosome 3p gene alterations as biomarkers for immunocombinations in metastatic renal cell carcinoma: A hypothesis-generating analysis.

Background: Identifying biomarkers for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) is an unmet need in actual immunotherapy era. Available data regarding chromosome 3p genes (i.e.

TERT promoter mutations and the outcome of patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma treated by platinum-based chemotherapy or pembrolizumab.

Background: TERT promoter mutation is one of the most common genomic alterations in urothelial carcinoma (UC). Its prognostic role on patients' outcomes is still not clear.

Methods: We performed a single-center retrospective analysis on patients with advanced UC treated with platinum-based chemotherapy or immunotherapy to assess the presence of somatic TERT and TERT mutations and their association with clinicopathologic factors and survival outcomes.

Cohort profile: the Turin prostate cancer prognostication (TPCP) cohort.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most frequent tumor among men in Europe and has both indolent and aggressive forms. There are several treatment options, the choice of which depends on multiple factors. To further improve current prognostication models, we established the Turin Prostate Cancer Prognostication (TPCP) cohort, an Italian retrospective biopsy cohort of patients with PCa and long-term follow-up.

Evaluation of an institutional series of low-grade oncocytic tumor (LOT) of the kidney and review of the mutational landscape of LOT.

The 2022 WHO classification of urinary and male genital tumors introduced several novel kidney entities exhibiting eosinophilic/oncocytic features with specific mutational backgrounds. Thus, molecular techniques, such as next-generation sequencing (NGS), became more commonly used for their evaluation. We studied 12 low-grade oncocytic tumors (LOT) of the kidney (from 11 patients), identified in a cohort of 210 eosinophilic/oncocytic renal tumors, diagnosed in our institution between October 2019 and May 2023, which represented 5.

An Apparent Diffusion Coefficient-Based Machine Learning Model Can Improve Prostate Cancer Detection in the Grey Area of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System Category 3: A Single-Centre Experience.

The Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System (PI-RADS) has a key role in the management of prostate cancer (PCa). However, the clinical interpretation of PI-RADS 3 score lesions may be challenging and misleading, thus postponing PCa diagnosis to biopsy outcome. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) radiomic analysis may represent a stand-alone noninvasive tool for PCa diagnosis.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for the differential diagnosis between granulomatous prostatitis and prostate cancer: a literature review to an intriguing diagnostic challenge.

Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) is currently the most effective diagnostic tool for detecting prostate cancer (PCa) and evaluating adenocarcinoma-mimicking lesions of the prostate gland, among which granulomatous prostatitis (GP) represents the most interesting diagnostic challenge. GP consists of a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory lesions that can be differentiated into four types: idiopathic, infective, iatrogenic, and associated with systemic granulomatous disease. The incidence of GP is growing due to the increase in endourological surgical interventions and the adoption of intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer; therefore, the difficulty lies in identifying specific features of GP on mpMRI to avoid the use of transrectal prostate biopsy as much as possible.

FoxA2 is a reliable marker for the diagnosis of yolk sac tumour postpubertal-type.

Aims: Yolk sac tumour postpubertal-type (YSTpt) shows a wide range of histological patterns and is challenging to diagnose. Recently, forkhead box transcription factor A2 (FoxA2) emerged as a driver of YSTpt formation and a promising marker for diagnosing YSTpt. However, FoxA2 has not been tested in the different patterns of YSTpt.

Multi-Gene Next-Generation Sequencing Panel for Analysis of / and Homologous Recombination Repair Genes Alterations Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Despite significant therapeutic advances, metastatic CRPC (mCRPC) remains a lethal disease. Mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes are frequent in mCRPC, and tumors harboring these mutations are known to be sensitive to PARP inhibitors. The aim of this study was to verify the technical effectiveness of this panel in the analysis of mCRPC, the frequency and type of mutations in the / genes, as well as in the homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes.

TAMs PD-L1(+) in the reprogramming of germ cell tumors of the testis.

Background: In recent years, several studies focused on the process of reprogramming of seminoma (S) cells, which regulates the transition from pure S (P-S) to S component (S-C) of mixed germ cell tumors of the testis (GCTT) and finally to embryonal carcinoma (EC) and other nonseminomatous GCTT (NS-GCTT). The accepted pathogenetic model is driven and regulated by cells (macrophages, B- and T-lymphocytes) and molecules of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Herein, we tested a series of GCTT with double staining (DS) for CD68-PD-L1 to evaluate tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) expressing programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) [TAMs PD-L1(+)] and clarify if these cells may be involved in establishing the fate of GCTT.

Histology and PSMA Expression on Immunohistochemistry in High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients: Comparison with Ga-PSMA PET/CT Features in Primary Staging.

PSMA-PET/CT is a suitable replacement for conventional imaging in the primary staging of PCa. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the correlation between parameters discovered by PSMA PET/CT in primary staging and either prostate histopathology (pT) findings or PSMA-IHC expression in a cohort of biopsy-proven high-risk PCa candidates for surgery. Clinical information (age, iPSA-value, and grading group) and PSMA-PET/CT parameters (SUVmax, PSMA tumor volume [PSMA-TV], and total lesion [PSMA-TL]) were compared with pT (including histologic pattern, Gleason grade, and lymphovascular invasion [LVI]) and PSMA-IHC features, including visual quantification (VS) with a four-tiered score (0 = negative, 1+ = weak, 2+ = moderate, 3+ = strong), growth pattern (infiltrative vs expansive), and visual pattern (cytoplasmic vs membranous).

Transverse prostate maximum sectional area can predict clinically significant prostate cancer in PI-RADS 3 lesions at multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging.

Background: To evaluate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) parameters, such as TransPA (transverse prostate maximum sectional area), TransCGA (transverse central gland sectional area), TransPZA (transverse peripheral zone sectional area), and TransPAI (TransPZA/TransCGA ratio) in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) in prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) 3 lesions.

Methods: Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV), the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and the best cut-off, were calculated. Univariate and multivariate analyses were carried out to evaluate the capability to predict PCa.