Randomized controlled diagnostic trial to assess dRAST time to result and its utility for antimicrobial stewardship recommendation in bacteremic patients.

Unlabelled: Bloodstream infections cause great mortality and morbidity. Real-time microbiological information has been shown to have an impact on prognosis when combined with an antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) program. dRAST is a rapid commercial antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) system based on real-time microscopy.

The perception of Covid-19 amongst vulnerable subgroups of the general population in Italy: insights from the qualitative study of the MOST project.

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has had significant consequences on the well-being of individuals worldwide. However, some subgroups may be more affected, presenting numerous distressing psychological symptoms such as depression, anxiety and stress. The present study aims to explore the needs and concerns of the most vulnerable populations during the pandemic.

A Phase I/IIa Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Nebulized Liposomal Amphotericin for Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Although nebulized liposomal amphotericin B (NLAB) is being used in invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) prophylaxis, no clinical trial has shown its efficacy as a therapeutic strategy. NAIFI is the inaugural randomized, controlled clinical trial designed to examine the safety and effectiveness of NLAB (dosage: 25 mg in 6 mL, three times per week for 6 weeks) against a placebo, in the auxiliary treatment of IPA. Throughout the three-year clinical trial, thirteen patients (six NLAB, seven placebo) were included, with 61% being onco-hematological with less than 100 neutrophils/μL.

Problematic Social Media Use in Young Adults: A Mixed Serial-Parallel Mediation Model Involving Alexithymia, Defense Mechanisms, and Fear of Missing Out.

Problematic social media use (PSMU) can have profound and detrimental effects across various domains of life. As a result, scientific investigations into the risk factors associated with this phenomenon can hold substantial practical implications within the clinical and preventive realms. Consistently with this framework, this study aimed to examine the relationship between certain variables and PSMU, with a specific focus on alexithymia, defense mechanisms, and fear of missing out (FoMO).

Risk factors for COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) has been reported to be an emerging and potentially fatal complication of severe COVID-19. However, risk factors for CAPA have not been systematically addressed to date.

Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis to identify factors associated with CAPA, we comprehensively searched five medical databases: Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews; the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials; and the WHO COVID-19 Database.

First detection in Spain of NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in two patients transferred from Ukraine to a university hospital.

Objectives: Carbapenemase-mediated carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a relevant health problem. We detected for the first time in Spain two clinical NDM-producing P. aeruginosa (NDM-Pa) isolates in two Ukrainian patients admitted to our hospital between April and August 2022.

Alexithymia and Loneliness in Women with Endometriosis. Testing the Factorial Structure of the Italian Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-30) and a Mediation Model.

Objective: Endometriosis is a pathological condition characterized by endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, chronic inflammatory reaction, and pelvic pain that dramatically decrease women's health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Furthermore, this invisible and difficultly diagnosable disease might lead women to experience alexithymia, loneliness, and consequent impairment of perceived quality of life. Firstly, the present study aimed at validating the Italian EHP-30 version which is the most used specific questionnaire for HRQoL measurement.

Cloxacillin plus fosfomycin versus cloxacillin alone for methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: a randomized trial.

Treatment failure occurs in about 25% of patients with methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) bacteremia. We assessed whether cloxacillin plus fosfomycin achieves better treatment success than cloxacillin alone in hospitalized adults with MSSA bacteremia. We conducted a multicenter, open-label, phase III-IV superiority randomized clinical trial.

Problematic Media Use among Children up to the Age of 10: A Systematic Literature Review.

Introduction: Digital screen media use has significantly grown in all age groups and at an increasingly young age, including toddlers, schoolers, and primary school children. Although there is evidence that excessive early childhood media exposure can lead to several negative developmental outcomes, no systematic review on Problematic Media Use (PMU) of children under 10 years old have been provided. The aim of the present systematic review was to identify (i) the main instruments used to measure children's PMU across different studies; (ii) the risk and protective factors which might increase or reduce children's PMU; and (iii) the negative outcomes associated with children's PMU.

The role of defense styles and psychopathological symptoms on adherence to conspiracy theories during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Due to the unpredictability of the COVID-19 pandemic situation, individuals felt uncertain and insecure. As a consequence, conspiracy theories flourished and quickly spread. In the current study, we examine the relationship between general and COVID-19-related conspiracy theories, cognitive reflection, psychopathological symptoms, and defense styles in a sample of Italian adults.

Stigmatizing attitudes toward Internet gaming disorder, Problematic smartphone use and Problematic social networking site use: An experimental vignette study.

Public stigma on substance and gambling disorders have been well documented. Negative effects of stigma include shame, embarrassment, fear being judged and the determent of help-seeking behaviors among stigmatized individuals. Less is known about the public perception toward Internet gaming disorder (IGD) and other widespread problematic behaviors that share some characteristics with established behavioral addictions, such as Problematic smartphone use (PSU) and Problematic social networking sites use (PSNSU).

Mobile opportunity against stress: Open study protocol on the effectiveness of a mobile platform for stress self-management in the post-pandemic era.

Mobile health platforms have shown promise in the management of various mental health conditions (including stress, anxiety, and depression) and cognitive behavioral strategies emerged as a popular and effective option offered by the platforms. This paper presents the protocol of a study aimed to test the effectiveness of a mobile platform that uses cognitive-behavioral strategies for stress self-management in the Tuscany region (Italy). The mobile app is adapted to the specific needs of each vulnerable population for which it is designed: young and older people, healthcare professionals, entrepreneurs.

eHealth content-sharing and emotional support among Italian parents of children with Down Syndrome: A qualitative report.

Parents of children with special healthcare needs search the Internet to learn about and share health-related information. Indeed, online communities (OCs) often increase knowledge and skills, decreasing feelings of isolation and distress. The current study explored the content and functioning of an Italian OC comprising parents of children with Down Syndrome.

Concurrent Infection with SARS-CoV-2 and in Immunocompromised and Immunocompetent Individuals.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may occur with concurrent infections caused by bacterial and fungal microorganisms. This systematic review evaluated studies reporting concomitant COVID-19 and pneumonia (PJP). We found 39 patients (74% male, median age: 56.

The Effects of Childhood Emotional and Physical Maltreatment on Adolescents' Disordered Eating Behaviors: The Mediating Role of Borderline Personality Features.

Over time, a complex crossroad between disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) and borderline personality features (BPFs) and their association with childhood emotional and physical maltreatment have been established. The present study aimed at evaluating the direct and indirect effect of physical and emotional abuse and neglect on DEB via BPF in a nonclinical adolescent sample. A total of 786 adolescents (48.

Which are the Effects of Body-Objectification and Instagram-Related Practices on Male Body Esteem? A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: According to the objectification framework, media pressure toward body models promotes the internalization of beauty ideals that negatively influence individuals' body image and self-esteem. Historically, women have been the main target of sociocultural pressures. However, research has recently suggested that self-objectification is a male phenomenon as well, which can be inscribed in men's body experiences.

Problematic Internet Use and Emotional Dysregulation Among Young People: A Literature Review.

Objective: In recent years scientific interest in Internet use disorders, especially among young people, has grown dramatically. Within this contemporary research field, difficulties in regulating emotions have been increasingly explored in association with problematic Internet use (PIU). Indeed, individuals who experience difficulties in emotion regulation might be more exposed to the risk of developing PIU.

The health-economy trade-off during the Covid-19 pandemic: Communication matters.

How do people balance concerns for general health and economic outcomes during a pandemic? And, how does the communication of this trade-off affect individual preferences? We address these questions using a field experiment involving around 2000 students enrolled in a large university in Italy. We design four treatments where the trade-off is communicated using different combinations of a positive framing that focuses on protective strategies and a negative framing which refers to potential costs. We find that positive framing on the health side induces students to give greater relevance to the health dimension.

Carbapenemase-producing infections in COVID-19 patients.

Background: Carbapenemase-producing (CPE) infections have been occasionally described in patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). We assess the clinical features and outcome of these infections.

Methods: In this retrospective single-centre, case-control study, we included 54 patients with CPE infection: 30 case-patients (COVID-19) and 24 controls (non-COVID-19), collected between March and May 2020.