Early-stage immunoexpression of inflammatory, angiogenic, and survival markers in tongue epithelium of mice exposed to hookah smoke.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate the early-stage immunoexpression of markers (COX-2, NF-kB, VEGFR-1 and apoptotic index) related to inflammation, angiogenesis, and cell survival in the tongue dorsum epithelium of mice exposed to hookah smoke.

Materials And Methods: The sample consisted of Swiss mice (N = 20), female gender, aged 2 months, and approximately 25g each, four groups (n = 5) mice: group exposed to fresh air and groups exposed to hookah smoke for 7, 15, and 30 days. Tongues were embedded in paraffin.

Polymorphisms in nanog are associated with oral leukoplakia: case-control study.

To investigate the association of NANOG polymorphisms with oral leukoplakia. In this case-control study, 68 cases of oral leukoplakia, and 21 of normal oral mucosa (control) were submitted to genotyping of tagSNPs polymorphisms: rs877716 and rs10845877 in NANOG, through real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Pearson's chi-squared and Fisher's exact statistical tests were used, with a significance of 5%.

Analysis of genetic polymorphism and expression of SOX2 in oral leukoplakia: a case-control study.

Purpose: To investigate the association of SOX2 polymorphisms with oral leukoplakia with dysplasia (OLD) and compare it with the immunohistochemical expression of SOX-2.

Methods: The samples comprised 64 patients with oral leukoplakia and 20 with normal oral mucosa who were subjected to SOX2 polymorphism rs77677339 genotyping by real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry for SOX-2 (basal epithelium expression, suprabasal and total; nuclear area and intensity). Statistical tests included the Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests.

Accuracy of MRI, CT, and Ultrasound imaging on thickness and depth of oral primary carcinomas invasion: a systematic review.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and intraoral ultrasound (US) to determine the depth of invasion (DOI) and/or tumor thickness (TT) in oral cavity cancers, with histopathological evaluation as the gold standard.

Methods: Articles whose primary objective was to evaluate the accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of MRI, CT, and US imaging to assess DOI and/or TT were searched in six major electronic databases, in addition to three grey literature databases. The methodological quality of the selected studies was evaluated by using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2.

The challenging diagnosis of low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma: A case report and literature update.

Low-Grade Myofibroblastic sarcoma (LGMS) is categorized as an extremely rare malignant neoplasia of myofibroblasts, which has only recently become more widely studied. Our patient was referred for evaluation of a nodule involving the palate. The histopathological analysis showed a mesenchymal tumor formed for stellate-shaped cells.

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on public University laboratories of oral and maxillofacial pathology: A Brazilian multicenter study.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the number of diagnoses of oral and maxillofacial lesions in public laboratories after one year of COVID-19 outbreak in Brazil.

Material And Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. Biopsies submitted to histopathologic examination from March 2019 to February 2020 (pre-pandemic period) and from April 2020 to March 2021 (pandemic period) in nine Brazilian public oral pathology laboratories were retrieved and the number of diagnoses, types of lesion, and percentage changes during both periods were analyzed.

DNA methylation in oral squamous cell carcinoma: from its role in carcinogenesis to potential inhibitor drugs.

DNA methylation is one of epigenetic changes most frequently studied nowadays, together with its relationship with oral carcinogenesis. A group of enzymes is responsible for methylation process, known as DNA methyltransferases (DNMT). Although essential during embryogenesis, DNA methylation pattern alterations, including global hypomethylation or gene promoter hypermethylation, can be respectively associated with chromosomal instability and tumor suppressor gene silencing.

Anesthetic Efficacy of an Alternative Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block Technique Using an Extra-Short Needle: A Double-Blind Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial.

Purpose: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is a frequently used anesthetic technique for restorative and surgical procedures in the mandible and its success rate usually ranges from 80 to 85%. Thus, this study aimed to compare the anesthetic efficacy of an alternative technique named superficial nerve block (SNB)-which consists of a modified approach using an extra-short needle inserted 10 mm deep and on a higher injection site to the conventional technique (CT) for IANB in healthy individuals.

Methods: About 20 participants received both SNB and CT with 1.

Dystrophic calcification and respiratory metaplasia in the epithelial lining of odontogenic cysts: a study of 362 odontogenic cysts in a Brazilian population and literature review.

Purpose: Main study: undertake a histological study of odontogenic cysts (OC) to determine the prevalence of dystrophic calcification and metaplasia to respiratory epithelium on a Brazilian population.

Literature Review: to review the literature for studies that investigated the prevalence of respiratory metaplasia and dystrophic calcification on OC.

Methods: Main study: a retrospective histopathological evaluation was made of the archives from a pathology laboratory.

Hybrid ameloblastoma and central giant cell lesion: Challenge of early diagnosis.

Hybrid lesions encompass the occurrence of different entities in one lesion. A 67-year-old woman was referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Service for treatment of mandibular Central Giant Cell Lesion (CGCL) previously diagnosed. Intraoral examination revealed edentulism and a painless swelling extending from the alveolar ridge to the buccal vestibule with hard consistency covered by normal mucosae, with unknown duration.

Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Rat Mandibular Bone Defects.

This study aimed to evaluate the use of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) in non-critical-sized mandibular bone defects in rats. hDPSCs from permanent teeth were isolated and engrafted in mandibular bone defects in rats for 7, 14, and 28 days; bone defects without cells formed the control group. Samples were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy (hematoxylin and eosin staining), and the regeneration area was measured by the Image J program.

Effects of sclerosing agents on head and neck hemangiomas: A systematic review.

Background: The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature for studies that investigated the effects of sclerosing agents on head and neck hemangiomas.

Material And Methods: Clinical trials, cohort studies, and descriptive studies were considered eligible and selected in a two-phase process. Six main electronic databases, in addition to three grey literature databases, were searched.

Primary intraosseous carcinoma of the maxilla arising from an odontogenic keratocyst: a case report and review of the literature.

A 47-year-old man was referred for treatment of a painful lesion of 5 months' duration located on the left side of the maxilla. A small perforation in the buccal cortex was observed during the intraoral examination. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) showed an extensive, well-delimited radiolucent lesion extending from the alveolar ridge to the nasal cavity.

Actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma: Literature review and new data from Brazil.

Background: To investigate the prevalence of malignant and potentially malignant lesions of the lip in an oral pathology service and to compare these data with a literature review.

Material And Methods: A total of 3173 biopsy reports and histopathological records were analyzed. Cases with a histological diagnosis of actinic cheilitis (AC) with or without epithelial dysplasia, in situ carcinoma, or lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) were included.

Immunoexpression of SOX-2 in oral leukoplakia.

Objective: This study was conducted to correlate and compare the immunoexpression of sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX-2) in oral leukoplakia (OL) lesions with that in normal buccal mucosa (control).

Materials And Methods: In this observational study, OL with low-risk (n = 34) and high-risk (n = 33) dysplasia and control samples (n = 25) were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for SOX-2. In the epithelium, SOX-2 positive and negative cells, as well as semiautomatic segmentation of the immunopositive nuclear area were counted.

Expression of stem cell markers Nanog and Nestin in lip squamous cell carcinoma and actinic cheilitis.

Unlabelled: Cancer stem cell (CSC) proteins have been observed in several lesions and are associated with tumor beginning, evolution, and resistance to treatment.

Objectives: To investigate the presence of NANOG, NESTIN, and β-tubulin in lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC), actinic cheilitis (AC), and normal epithelium (NE).

Materials And Methods: Thirty cases of LSCC, thirty cases of AC (both analyzed according to the WHO classification and AC according to the binary classification), and twenty cases of NE were submitted to an immunohistochemical study.

Histone modifications: A review about the presence of this epigenetic phenomenon in carcinogenesis.

Among the epigenetic changes, histone acetylation has been recognized as a fundamental process that strongly affects gene expression regulation. Disrupt of this phenomenon has been linked to carcinogenesis. In this review, we analysed studies reporting the process of histone modification, the enzymes associated and affected genes concerning human malignancies and histone enzyme inhibitor drugs used in cancer treatment.

Effect of organic silicon, methylsulfonylmethane, and glucosamine sulfate in mandibular bone defects in rats.

Organic silicon (OS), glucosamine sulfate (GS), and methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) have been related to bone and connective tissue health and have been considered as basic therapy for osteoarthrosis disorders. Therefore, the aim was to analyze the effect of the association of these three components in mandibular bone defects in rats. Nine rats were used for histocompatibility test.

Immunohistochemical expression of DNA methyltransferases 1, 3a, and 3b in actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinomas.

Background: Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation of tumor suppressor genes carried out by DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs), are important events in carcinogenesis. Although there are studies concerning to its expression in several cancer types, DNMTs expression pattern is not known in photoinduced lip carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the immunoexpression of DNMTs 1, 3a, and 3b in lip precancerous lesion (actinic cheilitis) and cancer.

Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9, myofibroblasts and Ki-67 in actinic cheilitis and lip squamous cell carcinoma.

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), myofibroblasts (MFs) and epithelial proliferation have key roles in neoplastic progression. In this study immunoexpression of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9, presence of MFs and the epithelial proliferation index were investigated in actinic cheilitis (AC), lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and mucocele (MUC). Thirty cases of AC, thirty cases of LSCC and twenty cases of MUC were selected for immunohistochemical investigation of the proteins MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Ki-67.

Evaluation of AgNORs in Oral Potentially Malignant Lesions.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is usually preceded by detectable mucosal changes, as leukoplakias and erythroplakia. Histologically, these lesions can range from hyperkeratosis and acanthosis to epithelial dysplasia and even OSCC. The aim of this study was to investigate the proliferative activity, using AgNORs quantification proteins, in low- and high-risk oral epithelial dysplasia, OSCC, and nondysplastic epithelium (inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia).

A Rare Case of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma ex Pleomorphic Adenoma arising in Minor Salivary Gland: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Analysis.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma (MCxPA) is a rare salivary gland tumor predominantly found in major salivary glands. A case of MCxPA involving the soft tissue and bone of the retromolar region of a 26-year-old man is presented. The histopathological features revealed a neoplasm with predominance of pleomorphic adenoma (PA) elements, and presence of mucoepidermoid carcinoma malignant epithelial cells in several areas.

Temporo-spatial analysis of Osterix, HNK1 and Sox10 during odontogenesis and maxillaries osteogenesis.

Cell differentiation is essential for maxillaries and tooth development. Facial mesenchymal tissue is formed by neural crest cells (NC). These cells are highly migratory, giving rise to various cell types, considered with a high level of plasticity, indicating that they contain progenitor cells with a great power of differentiation.