Habitat is more important than climate for structuring soil fungal communities associated in truffle sites.

The ectomycorrhizal fungi Tuber melanosporum Vittad. and Tuber aestivum Vittad. produce highly valuable truffles, but little is known about the soil fungal communities associated with these truffle species in places where they co-occur.

The fall of the summer truffle: Recurring hot, dry summers result in declining fruitbody production of Tuber aestivum in Central Europe.

Global warming is pushing populations outside their range of physiological tolerance. According to the environmental envelope framework, the most vulnerable populations occur near the climatic edge of their species' distributions. In contrast, populations from the climatic center of the species range should be relatively buffered against climate warming.

New Insights into the Complex Relationship between Weight and Maturity of Burgundy Truffles (Tuber aestivum).

Despite an increasing demand for Burgundy truffles (Tuber aestivum), gaps remain in our understanding of the fungus' overall lifecycle and ecology. Here, we compile evidence from three independent surveys in Hungary and Switzerland. First, we measured the weight and maturity of 2,656 T.

Soil physical properties influence "black truffle" fructification in plantations.

Although the important effects of pH and carbonate content of soils on "black truffle" (Tuber melanosporum) production are well known, we poorly understand the influence of soil physical properties. This study focuses on physical soil characteristics that drive successful production of black truffles in plantations. Seventy-eight Quercus ilex ssp.

Edible sporocarp production by age class in a Scots pine stand in Northern Spain.

With the aim of increasing knowledge of community structure, dynamics and production of ectomycorrhizal fungi, edible sporocarp yields were monitored between 1995 and 2004 in a Pinus sylvestris stand in the northeast zone of the Iberian Peninsula. A random sampling design was performed by stand age class according to the forest management plan: 0-15, 16-30, 31-50, 51-70 and over 71-years-old. Eighteen 150 m plots were established and sampled weekly every year from September to December.

Quantification of extraradical soil mycelium and ectomycorrhizas of Boletus edulis in a Scots pine forest with variable sporocarp productivity.

The availability of most edible ectomycorrhizal mushrooms depends on their natural fructification. Sporocarp formation of these fungi is linked to habitat characteristics and climate conditions, but these data alone do not explain all the trends of fungal fruiting and dynamics. It could be hypothesized that the amount of soil mycelia could also be related to the production of carpophores.

Tree age influences on the development of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi sporocarps in Pinus sylvestris stands.

The study of factors influencing the production and development of wild edible mushroom sporocarps is extremely important in the characterization of the fungi life cycle. The main objective of this work is to determine how tree age influences the speed of sporocarp growth of edible ectomycorrhizal fungi Boletus edulis and Lactarius deliciosus in a Pinus sylvestris stand. This study is based on information recorded on a weekly basis every autumn between 1995 and 2008 in a set of permanent plots in Spain.

Mycorrhizal synthesis between Boletus edulis species complex and rockroses (Cistus sp.).

Ectomycorrhizas of Boletus aereus, Boletus edulis, and Boletus reticulatus were synthesized with Cistus sp. under laboratory conditions using synthesis tubes filled with a mixture of sterilized peat-vermiculite and nutrient solution. The fungal strains isolated from sporocarps were identified by molecular techniques.

Characterization and identification of field ectomycorrhizae of Boletus edulis and Cistus ladanifer.

Field ectomycorrhizae sampled under Boletus edulis and Cistus ladanifer have been characterized and described in detail based on standard morphological and anatomical characters. The described ectomycorrhiza has traits typical of Boletales: whitish with three differentiated plectenchymatous layers in the mantle in plan view forming ring-like structures and rhizomorphs with highly differentiated hyphae. The inflated, smooth cystidia-like clavate end cells on the surface of the rhizomorphs and their slightly twisted external hyphae are additional characterizing features.