Dietary Strategies to Modulate Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD).

Gut microbiota has become an area of increasing interest for its potential role in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and its more advanced form, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH)-now recognized as the most frequent liver disease worldwide. Research suggests that imbalances in the intestinal microbiota, including dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability, may contribute to the pathogenesis of MASLD and progression to MASH. These changes affect insulin resistance and trigger inflammatory responses by disrupting the gut-liver axis.

Small bites, big impact: The importance of evening snacks in patients with advanced chronic liver disease.

People with advanced chronic liver disease (ACLD) have an enhanced risk of malnutrition, which has multifactorial etiology and is mainly linked to a reduced energy and protein intake; malnutrition is critical for patients with cirrhosis since it is often associated with sarcopenia, a skeletal muscle depletion with a loss of muscle mass and function. Late-evening snacks have been extensively studied, and guidelines are recommended to counteract the effects of prolonged fasting at night in patients with ACLD. However, it has not been fully explored whether late evening snacking is clarified as a milestone to address the nutritional needs of people with ACLD or whether it has a potential role in improving body composition.

RANK-RANKL-OPG Axis in MASLD: Current Evidence Linking Bone and Liver Diseases and Future Perspectives.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD)-and its worse form, metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), characterised by inflammation and liver damage-corresponds to the liver's involvement in metabolic syndrome, which constitutes an economic burden for healthcare systems. However, the biomolecular pathways that contribute to steatotic liver disease are not completely clear. Abnormalities of bone metabolism are frequent in people affected by metabolic liver disease, with reduced bone density and an increased risk of fracture.

Translating plasma citrulline concentration in clinical practice: Role of cross-sectional assessment in adult patients with short bowel syndrome.

Background: Cross-sectional plasma citrulline concentration (CIT) is considered a marker of enterocyte mass. The role of CIT in clinical practice in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) is not clearly defined.

Aim: To assess the accuracy of CIT to discriminate SBS from healthy controls (HC) and SBS with intestinal failure (SBS-IF), requiring intravenous supplementation (IVS), from SBS with intestinal insufficiency (SBS-II).

Malnutrition independently predicts mortality at 18 months in patients hospitalised for severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-coV-2).

Rationale: To investigate the association between malnutrition and patient outcome following hospitalisation for Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Methods: In April 2020, 268 adult patients (235 included in the follow-up) hospitalised for COVID-19 infection were evaluated for malnutrition risk and diagnosis using modified Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 and modified Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria (GLIM), respectively. An 18-month follow-up was carried out to assess the incidence and the associated risk factors for death and re-hospitalization.

Sarcopenia evaluated by EASL/AASLD computed tomography-based criteria predicts mortality in patients with cirrhosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Sarcopenia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in patients with cirrhosis, but its definition in current literature is very heterogeneous. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the association between mortality and sarcopenia evaluated by computed tomography (CT) in patients with cirrhosis, both overall and stratified for the criteria used to define sarcopenia.

Methods: Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2023.

Metformin and the Liver: Unlocking the Full Therapeutic Potential.

Metformin is a highly effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have shown that it has significant therapeutic benefits in various organ systems, particularly the liver. Although the effects of metformin on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis are still being debated, it has positive effects on cirrhosis and anti-tumoral properties, which can help prevent the development of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Liraglutide 3.0 mg and mental health: can psychiatric symptoms be associated to adherence to therapy? Insights from a clinical audit.

Introduction: Liraglutide 3.0 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue, is a medication approved for obesity treatment. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychiatric symptoms, including depression, anxiety, and binge eating, and their impact on therapy adherence.

Symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccine status of sixty-seven adult patients affected by inherited metabolic diseases: a phone survey.

Background: The Covid pandemic seems to have had several detrimental effects on managing patients affected by inherited metabolic diseases (IMD), although published data about the impact of COVID-19 on patients suffering from IMD are very scarce. The scope of our work was to evaluate adherence to the vaccination plan, the side effects experienced by our adult IMD patients, and the symptoms of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Results: Sixty-seven patients agreed to respond to a phone interview.

Osteosarcopenia in NAFLD/MAFLD: An Underappreciated Clinical Problem in Chronic Liver Disease.

Chronic liver disease (CLD), including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its advanced form, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), affects a significant portion of the population worldwide. NAFLD is characterised by fat accumulation in the liver, while NASH is associated with inflammation and liver damage. Osteosarcopenia, which combines muscle and bone mass loss, is an emerging clinical problem in chronic liver disease that is often underappreciated.