Meta-analysis of the association between prenatal antibiotic exposure and risk of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

Background: Studies examining the association between maternal antibiotic use during pregnancy and the risk of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have yielded inconsistent results. This meta-analysis synthesizes available evidence to establish a more comprehensive understanding of this association.

Methods: Observational studies published through October 2, 2024, were systematically searched from Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and PubMed databases.

Case Report: Uncommon presentation of Ewing sarcoma complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a diagnostic dilemma and therapeutic challenge.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), also referred to as hemophagocytic syndrome (HPS), is a life-threatening condition characterized by excessive immune activation. It is commonly associated with genetic mutations, infections, autoimmune diseases, and malignancies. Malignancy-associated HLH (M-HLH) is most frequently observed in hematologic malignancies, such as lymphoma and leukemia, while its occurrence in solid tumors is exceedingly rare.

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex component B: A Gene Associated with Cuproptosis and Encoding the Beta Subunit of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Is Involved in the Oxidative Decarboxylation Reaction.

Cuproptosis is a regulated cell death mechanism that has recently been identified and is distinct from other known cell death mechanisms (e.g., apoptosis, Ferroptosis, necrotic apoptosis, etc.

SIRT7 ameliorates Th17/Treg imbalance by desuccinylation of STAT3 to improve immune thrombocytopenia.

Objectives: The imbalance of Th17/Treg cells represents a key pathogenic mechanism in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP); however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood. Dysregulated succinylation has been implicated in disease onset and progression. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of succinylation in modulating the Th17/Treg balance in ITP and to elucidate the associated molecular pathways.

LL-37 Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Lung Injury by Alleviating Inflammatory Response and Epithelial Cell Oxidative Injury via ZBP1-Mediated Autophagy.

Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a serious disease constituting a heavy burden on society due to high mortality and morbidity. Inflammation and oxidative stress constitute key pathological mechanisms in ALI caused by sepsis. LL-37 can improve the survival of septic mice.

Integrating sequencing methods with machine learning for antimicrobial susceptibility testing in pediatric infections: current advances and future insights.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) presents a critical challenge in clinical settings, particularly among pediatric patients with life-threatening conditions such as sepsis, meningitis, and neonatal infections. The increasing prevalence of multi- and pan-resistant pathogens is strongly associated with adverse clinical outcomes. Recent technological advances in sequencing methods, including metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT), and targeted sequencing (TS), have significantly enhanced the detection of both pathogens and their associated resistance genes.

Epithelial immunotherapy for food allergy in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Traditional methods of treating allergies primarily revolve around avoiding allergens and promptly using rescue medications when allergic symptoms occur. However, this approach is known for its inefficiency and limited success in achieving long-term relief. Our aim was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of previously published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that explore the effectiveness and safety of epicutaneous immunotherapy (EPIT) as a means to manage food allergies in children.

Accuracy of Machine Learning in Detecting Pediatric Epileptic Seizures: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Real-time monitoring of pediatric epileptic seizures poses a significant challenge in clinical practice. In recent years, machine learning (ML) has attracted substantial attention from researchers for diagnosing and treating neurological diseases, leading to its application for detecting pediatric epileptic seizures. However, systematic evidence substantiating its feasibility remains limited.

The roles of lactate and the interplay with mA modification in diseases.

Lactate exhibits various biological functions, including the mediation of histone and non-histone lactylation to regulate gene transcription, influencing the activity of T lymphocytes, NK cells, and macrophages in immune suppression, activating G protein-coupled receptor 81 for signal transduction, and serving as an energy substrate. The mA modification represents the most prevalent post-transcriptional epigenetic alteration. It is regulated by mA-related regulatory enzymes (including methyltransferases, demethylases, and recognition proteins) that control the transcription, splicing, stability, and translation of downstream target RNAs.

A 11-year-old boy with Blastocystis hominis infection, presents as immune thrombocytopenia.

Background: Some causes of first-line treatment failure for ITP are often closely related to infections. But parasitic infections are rarely mentioned and easily overlooked. The case is the first to describe a boy with immune thrombocytopenia associated with blastocystis hominis.

Effect of delayed antibiotic use on mortality outcomes in patients with sepsis or septic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The use of antibiotics is essential in the treatment of sepsis and septic shock, and delaying their administration may impact patient mortality outcomes. However, there is currently a controversial debate surrounding this issue. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to explore the association between delayed antibiotic use and mortality in patients with sepsis and septic shock.

The role of RIM in neurotransmitter release: promotion of synaptic vesicle docking, priming, and fusion.

There are many special sites at the end of a synapse called active zones (AZs). Synaptic vesicles (SVs) fuse with presynaptic membranes at these sites, and this fusion is an important step in neurotransmitter release. The cytomatrix in the active zone (CAZ) is made up of proteins such as the regulating synaptic membrane exocytosis protein (RIM), RIM-binding proteins (RIM-BPs), ELKS/CAST, Bassoon/Piccolo, Liprin-α, and Munc13-1.

Predictive value of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in children with acute kidney injury: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Neutrophil gelatin lipase carrier protein (NGAL) has been used as an early biomarker to predict acute kidney injury (AKI). However, the predictive value of NGAL in urine and blood in children with acute kidney injury in different backgrounds remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the clinical value of NGAL in predicting AKI in children.

Munc18-1 Contributes to Hippocampal Injury in Septic Rats Through Regulation of Syntanxin1A and Synaptophysin and Glutamate Levels.

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a diffuse brain dysfunction closely associated with mortality in the acute phase of sepsis. Abnormal neurotransmitters release, such as glutamate, plays a crucial role in the pathological mechanism of SAE. Munc18-1 is a key protein regulating neurotransmission.

Knockdown of lncRNA MEG3 protects against sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice through miR-93-5p-dependent inhibition of NF‑κB signaling pathway.

Excessive inflammatory response is a prominent pathogenic hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI). Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) has been recently reported to play a key role in the pathophysiology of many inflammatory disorders, including ALI. Herein, we attempted to explore the role and underlying mechanism of lncRNA MEG3 in the inflammation in ALI.

The Role of Vti1a in Biological Functions and Its Possible Role in Nervous System Disorders.

Vesicle transport through interaction with t-SNAREs 1A (Vti1a), a member of the N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor protein family, is involved in cell signaling as a vesicular protein and mediates vesicle trafficking. Vti1a appears to have specific roles in neurons, primarily by regulating upstream neurosecretory events that mediate exocytotic proteins and the availability of secretory organelles, as well as regulating spontaneous synaptic transmission and postsynaptic efficacy to control neurosecretion. Vti1a also has essential roles in neural development, autophagy, and unconventional extracellular transport of neurons.

Cumulative Evidence for the Association of Thrombosis and the Prognosis of COVID-19: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background: Although thrombosis events have been reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the association between thrombosis and COVID-19-related critical status or risk of mortality in COVID-19 has been inconsistent.

Objective: We conducted a meta-analysis of reports assessing the association between thrombosis and the prognosis of COVID-19.

Methods: The EMBASE, Ovid-MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases were searched up to December 9, 2021, and additional studies were retrieved manual searching.

mA: An Emerging Role in Programmed Cell Death.

Programmed cell death is an active extinction process, including autophagy, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, apoptosis, and necroptosis. mA is a reversible RNA modification which undergoes methylation under the action of methylases (writers), and is demethylated under the action of demethylases (erasers). The RNA base site at which mA is modified is recognized by specialized enzymes (readers) which regulate downstream RNA translation, decay, and stability.

CAPN3: A muscle‑specific calpain with an important role in the pathogenesis of diseases (Review).

Calpains are a family of Ca‑dependent cysteine proteases that participate in various cellular processes. Calpain 3 (CAPN3) is a classical calpain with unique N‑terminus and insertion sequence 1 and 2 domains that confer characteristics such as rapid autolysis, Ca‑independent activation and Na activation of the protease. CAPN3 is the only muscle‑specific calpain that has important roles in the promotion of calcium release from skeletal muscle fibers, calcium uptake of sarcoplasmic reticulum, muscle formation and muscle remodeling.

Role of Munc18-1 in the biological functions and pathogenesis of neurological disorders (Review).

The release of neurotransmitters following the fusion of synaptic vesicles and the presynaptic membrane is an important process in the transmission of neuronal information. Syntaxin-binding protein 1 (Munc18-1) is a synaptic fusion protein binding protein, which mainly regulates synaptic vesicle fusion and neurotransmitter release by interacting with soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor. In addition to affecting neurotransmitter transmission, Munc18-1 is also involved in regulating neurosynaptic plasticity, neurodevelopment and neuroendocrine cell release functions (including thyroxine and insulin release).

CAPN6 in disease: An emerging therapeutic target (Review).

As a member of the calpain protein family, calpain6 (CAPN6) is highly expressed mainly in the placenta and embryos. It plays a number of important roles in cellular processes, such as the stabilization of microtubules, the maintenance of cell stability, the control of cell movement and the inhibition of apoptosis. In recent years, various studies have found that CAPN6 is one of the contributing factors associated with the tumorigenesis of uterine tumors and osteosarcoma, and that CAPN6 participates in the development of tumors by promoting cell proliferation and angiogenesis, and by inhibiting apoptosis, which is mainly regulated by the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) pathway.

The association between vitamin D status and tuberculosis in children: A meta-analysis.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of tuberculosis (TB), but most studies have not reported a significant association. We conducted a meta-analysis to explore the association between vitamin D status and TB in children.

Methods: Web of Science, Ovid Medline, and EMBASE were searched for studies in English that discussed vitamin D status and TB in children before January 22, 2018.