Berberine contributes to protecting against the cadmium-induced pancreatic damage: role of intestinal microbiome modulation and barrier function.

Cadmium (Cad) is a worldwide heavy metal pollutant associated with global health challenges. Alteration of the intestinal microbiome, due to chemicals' exposure, plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal diseases such as pancreatic disorders. Hence, modulation of the gut microbiota might be a targeted approach to manage pancreatic diseases.

The prevalence of work-related burnout among neurosurgeons in Saudi Arabia: A multicenter cross-sectional study.

Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of work-related burnout among neurosurgeons at multiple neurosurgical centers in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken involving neurosurgeons in Saudi Arabia. From June 2023, to September 2023, a self-administered questionnaire was utilized to gather data from the neurosurgeons in Riyadh hospitals.

Multifaceted Cardioprotective Potential of Reduced Glutathione Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity via Modulating Inflammation-Oxidative Stress Axis.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a potent chemotherapeutic agent used to treat many types of cancer. Its use is limited because of the reported accompanied cardiotoxicity, which is driven by oxidative stress and inflammation. Herin, we explored the cardioprotective impact of reduced glutathione (GSH) against DOX-induced cardiac damage in a mice model and highlighted the dynamic interplay between pro-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms, with tissue damage markers and oxidative byproducts.

ADAM17/ACE2 interaction mediates cadmium-induced brain damage and neuroinflammation in Wistar rats.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a critical component in the renin-angiotensin system. A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is the first identified sheddase for common inflammatory cytokines. Changes in ACE2 expression and its biological activity facilitated by ADAM17 are involved in several diseases including neurodegenerative disorders.

Melamine-induced adrenal structural and functional alterations and the contribution of morin to the adrenal repair in Wistar rats.

Melamine is a prevalent environmental toxicant associated with well-established toxicity on several organs. The adrenal gland is a highly dynamic organ that makes it susceptible to chemicals' toxicity. The current work investigated the adrenal histo-biochemical alterations caused by melamine exposure in rats and explored whether morin has protective potential against such adrenal toxicity.

Chlorogenic Acid Ameliorates CCl-induced Liver Fibrosis by Modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Autophagy Pathway.

Background: Liver fibrosis represents a serious risk to global health by impairing quality of life and elevating the chances of hepatocellular carcinoma, while the intricate role of autophagy can either alleviate or worsen fibrosis depending on its functioning.

Objective: Herein, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of chlorogenic acid in CCl-induced hepatic fibrosis and explored the autophagy pathway as the possible molecular target of chlorogenic acid.

Methods: Rats were injected with carbon tetrachloride (1ml/kg) to induce liver fibrosis for 10 weeks.

Pirfenidone targeted mechanisms for alleviating methotrexate-induced testiculopathy in Wistar rats.

Testicular injury and affected spermatogenesis are major complications of methotrexate (MTX) use. Oxidative stress is one contributing process leading to inflammation and apoptosis induction. Pirfenidone (PFD) is a well-known anti-fibrotic drug prescribed for interstitial lung fibrosis, in addition to anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, and antiapoptotic capabilities.

Interrogating the estrogen-mediated regulation of adrenocortical Klotho expression using ovariectomized albino rat model exposed to repeated restraint stress.

Reproductive aging is associated with altered stress response and many other menopausal symptoms. Little is known about the adrenal expression of the anti-aging protein Klotho or how it is modulated by estrogen in ovariectomized stressed rats. Fifty-six Wistar female rats were assigned into seven equal groups.

ACE2/ACE imbalance mediates bisphenol A-induced lung injury in Wistar rats: Results from captopril versus losartan histo-biochemical study.

Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical compound broadly used in the plastic and epoxy resin industries with a considerable potential for food contamination. Literary reports have suggested that the altered renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a mechanism for lung injury and inflammation caused by variable agents. The current study sought to investigate the contribution of RAS to BPA-induced lung damage.

Bisphenol-A exposure alters liver, kidney, and pancreatic Klotho expression by HSP60-activated mTOR/autophagy pathway in male albino rats.

The effect of bisphenol-A (BPA) on Klotho protein (aging-suppressing protein) expression in different body organs has not been sufficiently addressed by literature studies. The study investigated the impact of BPA on Klotho expression in multiple organs including the liver, kidney, and pancreas and suggested the involved molecular pathways. Twenty-seven male Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 equal groups: control, low-dose BPA (4.

Modeling the Effects of Cypermethrin Toxicity on Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Pneumonitis Rats: Macrophage Phenotype Differentiation and p38/STAT6 Signaling Are Candidate Targets of Pirfenidone Treatment.

Although the classic form of asthma is characterized by chronic pneumonitis with eosinophil infiltration and steroid responsivity, asthma has multifactorial pathogenesis and various clinical phenotypes. Previous studies strongly suggested that chemical exposure could influence the severity and course of asthma and reduce its steroid responsiveness. Cypermethrin (CYP), a common pesticide used in agriculture, was investigated for the possible aggravation of the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic pneumonitis and the possible induction of steroid resistance in rats.

Apoptotic susceptibility of pancreatic alpha cells to environmentally relevant dose levels of bisphenol-A versus dibutyl phthalate is mediated by HSP60/caspase-3 expression in male albino rats.

Unfortunately, humanity is exposed to mixed plasticizers such as bisphenol-A (BPA) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) that are leached from the daily used plastic products. Previous studies have demonstrated their potential in pancreatic beta cell injury and diabetes induction. The study hypothesized that both compounds would affect the pancreatic alpha cells in albino rats when administered at environmentally relevant doses.

Histomorphological Changes in a Rat Model of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and the Contribution of Stevia Leaf Extract in Modulating the Ovarian Fibrosis, VEGF, and TGF-β Immunoexpressions: Comparison with Metformin.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder of fertile females. It has been reported that stevia leaf extract (SLE) has antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic properties. Therefore, the current study hypothesized and investigated the role and mechanistic aspects of a natural sweetener; SLE in treating a rat model of letrozole-induced PCOS and to compare it with metformin.