A comparison of fMRI presurgical mapping techniques with intraoperative brain mapping-based validation.

Resting-state functional MRI (rsfMRI) could enable preoperative risk assessment and intraoperative guidance for patients who cannot undergo task-based fMRI (tbfMRI). To ascertain rsfMRI's applicability, we investigated differences in accuracy between tbfMRI with a voxel size of 1.8 x 1.

Mesoscale insights in Epileptic Networks: A Multimodal Intracranial Dataset.

Understanding the intricate dynamics of epileptic networks at the mesoscale is crucial for advancing our knowledge of epilepsy pathophysiology and developing targeted interventions. In this data descriptor, we present a comprehensive dataset encompassing intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) recordings, Local Field Potentials (LFP), and Multiunit Activity (MUA) data obtained from Microelectrode arrays (MEA; Utah array; Blackrock). 12 seizures were recorded in 5 epilepsy patients with the MEA.

A case report about focal status epilepticus as first presentation in Alzheimer's disease: finding the culprit.

Background: Neuronal hyperexcitability has been proposed to play a key role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Understanding the relation between this enhanced excitability and AD pathology could provide a window for therapeutic interventions. However epileptiform activity is often subclinical, hidden on scalp EEG and very challenging to assess with current diagnostic modalities.

Comparative validation of automated presurgical tractography based on constrained spherical deconvolution and diffusion tensor imaging with direct electrical stimulation.

Objectives: Accurate presurgical brain mapping enables preoperative risk assessment and intraoperative guidance. This cross-sectional study investigated whether constrained spherical deconvolution (CSD) methods were more accurate than diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-based methods for presurgical white matter mapping using intraoperative direct electrical stimulation (DES) as the ground truth.

Methods: Five different tractography methods were compared (three DTI-based and two CSD-based) in 22 preoperative neurosurgical patients undergoing surgery with DES mapping.

Electric Source Imaging in Presurgical Evaluation of Epilepsy: An Inter-Analyser Agreement Study.

Electric source imaging (ESI) estimates the cortical generator of the electroencephalography (EEG) signals recorded with scalp electrodes. ESI has gained increasing interest for the presurgical evaluation of patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. In spite of a standardised analysis pipeline, several aspects tailored to the individual patient involve subjective decisions of the expert performing the analysis, such as the selection of the analysed signals (interictal epileptiform discharges and seizures, identification of the onset epoch and time-point of the analysis).

Automatic annotation correction for wearable EEG based epileptic seizure detection.

. Video-electroencephalography (vEEG), which defines the ground truth for the detection of epileptic seizures, is inadequate for long-term home monitoring. Thanks to advantages in comfort and unobtrusiveness, wearable EEG devices have been suggested as a solution for home monitoring.

The power of ECG in multimodal patient-specific seizure monitoring: Added value to an EEG-based detector using limited channels.

Objective: Wearable seizure detection devices could provide more reliable seizure documentation outside the hospital compared to seizure self-reporting by patients, which is the current standard. Previously, during the SeizeIT1 project, we studied seizure detection based on behind-the-ear electroencephalography (EEG). However, the obtained sensitivities were too low for practical use, because not all seizures are associated with typical ictal EEG patterns.

Predictive value of metabolic and perfusion changes outside the seizure onset zone for postoperative outcome in patients with refractory focal epilepsy.

The value of functional molecular changes outside the seizure onset zone as independent predictive factors of surgical outcome has been scarcely evaluated. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate relative metabolic and perfusion changes outside the seizure onset zone as predictors of postoperative outcome in patients with unifocal refractory focal epilepsy. Eighty-six unifocal epilepsy patients who underwent F-FDG PET prior to surgery were included.

Personalizing Heart Rate-Based Seizure Detection Using Supervised SVM Transfer Learning.

Automated seizure detection is a key aspect of wearable seizure warning systems. As a result, the quality of life of refractory epilepsy patients could be improved. Most state-of-the-art algorithms for heart rate-based seizure detection use a so-called patient-independent approach, which do not take into account patient-specific data during algorithm training.

Visual seizure annotation and automated seizure detection using behind-the-ear electroencephalographic channels.

Objective: Seizure diaries kept by patients are unreliable. Automated electroencephalography (EEG)-based seizure detection systems are a useful support tool to objectively detect and register seizures during long-term video-EEG recording. However, this standard full scalp-EEG recording setup is of limited use outside the hospital, and a discreet, wearable device is needed for capturing seizures in the home setting.

Development of temporal lobe epilepsy during maintenance electroconvulsive therapy: A case of human kindling?

We describe a patient with new-onset temporal lobe epilepsy during prolonged maintenance electroconvulsive therapy. We suggest a possible causal relationship with maintenance electroconvulsive therapy through electrical kindling of the temporal lobe.

On the optimal z-score threshold for SISCOM analysis to localize the ictal onset zone.

Background: In epilepsy patients, SISCOM or subtraction ictal single photon emission computed tomography co-registered to magnetic resonance imaging has become a routinely used, non-invasive technique to localize the ictal onset zone (IOZ). Thresholding of clusters with a predefined number of standard deviations from normality (z-score) is generally accepted to localize the IOZ. In this study, we aimed to assess the robustness of this parameter in a group of patients with well-characterized drug-resistant epilepsy in whom the exact location of the IOZ was known after successful epilepsy surgery.

Positron emission tomography imaging of cerebral glucose metabolism and type 1 cannabinoid receptor availability during temporal lobe epileptogenesis in the amygdala kindling model in rhesus monkeys.

Objective: We investigated changes in the endocannabinoid system and glucose metabolism during temporal lobe epileptogenesis.

Methods: Because it is rarely possible to study epileptogenesis in humans, we applied the electrical amygdala kindling model in nonhuman primates to image longitudinal changes in type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R) binding and cerebral glucose metabolism. Two rhesus monkeys received [ F]-MK-9470 and fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ([ F]-FDG -PET) scans in each of the 4 kindling stages to quantify relative changes over time of CB1R binding and cerebral glucose metabolism in vivo.

Comparison between Scalp EEG and Behind-the-Ear EEG for Development of a Wearable Seizure Detection System for Patients with Focal Epilepsy.

A wearable electroencephalogram (EEG) device for continuous monitoring of patients suffering from epilepsy would provide valuable information for the management of the disease. Currently no EEG setup is small and unobtrusive enough to be used in daily life. Recording behind the ear could prove to be a solution to a wearable EEG setup.

Automated Epileptic Seizure Detection Based on Wearable ECG and PPG in a Hospital Environment.

Electrocardiography has added value to automatically detect seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. The wired hospital system is not suited for a long-term seizure detection system at home. To address this need, the performance of two wearable devices, based on electrocardiography (ECG) and photoplethysmography (PPG), are compared with hospital ECG using an existing seizure detection algorithm.

The effective connectivity of the seizure onset zone and ictal perfusion changes in amygdala kindled rhesus monkeys.

Epileptic seizures are network-level phenomena. Hence, epilepsy may be regarded as a circuit-level disorder that cannot be understood outside this context. Better insight into the effective connectivity of the seizure onset zone and the manner in which seizure activity spreads could lead to specifically-tailored therapies for epilepsy.

Ictal perfusion changes associated with seizure progression in the amygdala kindling model in the rhesus monkey.

Objective: Amygdala kindling is a widely used animal model for studying mesial temporal lobe epileptogenesis. In the macaque monkey, electrical amygdala kindling develops slowly and provides an opportunity for investigating ictal perfusion changes during epileptogenesis.

Methods: Two rhesus monkeys were electrically kindled through chronically implanted electrodes in the right amygdala over a period of 16 and 17 months.

In vivo type 1 cannabinoid receptor availability in Alzheimer's disease.

The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is an important modulatory and potentially neuroprotective homeostatic system in the brain. In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the role of type 1 cannabinoid receptor (CB₁R) is unclear, with contradictory findings in post-mortem studies showing upregulation, downregulation or unchanged CB₁R status. We have investigated CB₁R availability in vivo in patients with AD, in relation to amyloid deposition, cognitive functioning and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype.

Public health in the genomic era: will Public Health Genomics contribute to major changes in the prevention of common diseases?

The completion of the Human Genome Project triggered a whole new field of genomic research which is likely to lead to new opportunities for the promotion of population health. As a result, the distinction between genetic and environmental diseases has faded. Presently, genomics and knowledge deriving from systems biology, epigenomics, integrative genomics or genome-environmental interactions give a better insight on the pathophysiology of common diseases.