Does Laterality of the Caudal Septal Extension Graft Matter? A Photograph-Based Analysis of Symmetry in Rhinoplasty.

Introduction: Ideal tip projection and rotation in rhinoplasty often requires placement of caudal septal extension grafts (CSEGs). While CSEGs are ubiquitous in rhinoplasty, there remains a lack of consensus on how laterality of placement may impact symmetry over time. This study aimed to objectively assess symmetry of the tip complex over time with respect to various placements of CSEGs in relation to the septum.

Dorsal Preservation versus Open Structural Rhinoplasty: Can We Tell the Difference between Aesthetic and Functional Outcomes?

Background: Preservation-with respect to the dorsum, nasal cartilages, and soft-tissue envelope-has reemerged as a guiding philosophy in rhinoplasty. Dorsal preservation (DP) is attractive for its advantages of maintaining the osseocartilaginous construct and avoiding an open-roof deformity. Several studies have suggested comparable outcomes of DP relative to structural rhinoplasty, but how aesthetic, functional, and patient-reported outcome measures may compare, and whether surgeons can discern differences between cohorts, remains unclear.

The Efficacy of Postoperative Helmet Therapy After Open Cranial Vault Remodeling for Nonsyndromic Craniosynostosis.

Postoperative helmet therapy (PHT) is commonly utilized after endoscopic craniosynostosis repair to guide cranial reshaping and symmetry. Our institution routinely offers PHT to patients undergoing open calvarial vault remodeling (CVR) with unicoronal and lambdoid craniosynostosis. This study aims to determine if PHT is effective in improving residual asymmetry after open CVR for patients with unicoronal or lambdoid synostosis.

Factors Influencing Fronto-Orbital Relapse in Patients With Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A 2 Decade Review.

Fronto-orbital retrusion may occur after primary surgical correction of craniosynostosis, particularly in patients with syndromic craniosynostosis. This study investigated reoperation rates and factors contributing to FO relapse among this cohort. A retrospective review evaluated reoperation for FO relapse in patients with syndromic multisuture craniosynostosis who underwent primary fronto-orbital advancement (FOA) + calvarial vault remodeling (CVR) at our institution between 2004 and 2024.

Long-Term Outcomes of a Modified Straight-Line Palate Repair Technique: Low Speech-Correcting Surgery and Fistula Rates.

Background: A primary goal of cleft palate (CP) repair is to restore normal speech; however, rates of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) after palatoplasty remain high. The authors present a modified straight-line palate repair (SLR) technique that facilitates velum length to alleviate VPI. The technique releases nasal mucosa with the levator muscle off the hard palate.

Guidance for Circumflex Scapular Artery Flap Utilization in Pediatric Reconstruction.

Background: The circumflex scapular artery (CSA) flap system, consisting of scapular, parascapular, and chimeric flaps, is useful for pediatric reconstruction in many anatomical locations. The objectives of this case series are to offer insights into our decision-making process for selecting the CSA flap in particular pediatric reconstructive cases and to establish a framework for choosing a scapular or parascapular skin paddle. We also aim to emphasize important technical considerations of CSA flap utilization in pediatric patients.

Feminization of the Forehead: A Scoping Literature Review and Cohort Study of Transfeminine Patients.

Background: Facial feminization may be performed to alleviate gender dysphoria among transfeminine patients. The upper third of the face has several characteristics, including hairline shape and position, brow position, and forehead protrusion, that may confer feminine identity. The purpose of this study is to conduct a scoping literature review of techniques performed for forehead feminization and to additionally study clinical outcomes within an institutional cohort.

Lessons Learned from a Single Institution's Eight Years of Experience with Early Cleft Lip Repair.

: The traditional approach in managing wide cleft lip deformities involves presurgical nasoalveolar molding (NAM) therapy followed by surgical cleft lip repair between three and six months of age. This institution has implemented an early cleft lip repair (ECLR) protocol where infants undergo primary cleft lip repair between two and five weeks of age without NAM. This study aims to present this institution's ECLR repair protocol over the past eight years from 188 consecutive patients with unilateral or bilateral CL/P deformity.

A Simplified Approach for Surgical Correction of Vertical Orbital Dystopia: A 45-Year Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Vertical orbital dystopia (VOD) results in significant facial asymmetry, psychological distress, and poor quality of life in affected patients. The traditional approach (TA) for surgical correction has entailed a standard frontal craniotomy along with circumferential orbital osteotomy, vertical translocation of the orbit, and bone grafting to the lower maxilla. Caution has been expressed regarding its invasive transcranial nature.

De novo variants implicate chromatin modification, transcriptional regulation, and retinoic acid signaling in syndromic craniosynostosis.

Craniosynostosis (CS) is the most common congenital cranial anomaly. Several Mendelian forms of syndromic CS are well described, but a genetic etiology remains elusive in a substantial fraction of probands. Analysis of exome sequence data from 526 proband-parent trios with syndromic CS identified a marked excess (observed 98, expected 33, p = 4.

An Oncoplastic Approach to Primary Pediatric Pterygomaxillary Osteosarcoma.

Osteosarcomas arising within the pterygomaxillary/infratemporal fossa region are rare among the pediatric population. Survival rates are most influenced by tumor resection with negative margins, which can be dependent on surgical accessibility of the tumor site. The pterygomaxillary/infratemporal fossa location poses several challenges to safe and adequate tumor resection, including proximity of the facial nerve and great vessels and scarring associated with traditional transfacial approaches.

Comparison of human amniotic membrane and collagen nerve wraps around sciatic nerve reverse autografts in a rat model.

Human amniotic membrane (hAM) and collagen nerve wraps are biomaterials that have been investigated as therapies for improving outcomes of peripheral nerve regeneration; however, their efficacy has not been compared. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of collagen and human amniotic membrane nerve wraps in a rodent sciatic nerve reverse autograft model. Lewis rats ( = 29) underwent sciatic nerve injury and repair in which a 10-mm gap was bridged with reverse autograft combined with either no nerve wrap (control), collagen nerve wrap or hAM nerve wrap.

A characterization of home maintenance equipment-related hand and lower arm injuries.

Background: Thousands of Americans sustain injuries from various household appliances each year, though injury patterns have not been well characterized. We thus sought to determine the incidence, characteristics, and trends of household appliance-related hand injuries over the past decade.

Methods: The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database (NEISS) was queried from 2010 through 2019.

Two Cases Surviving Macro Fat Emboli Complications Following Gluteal Fat Grafting.

Media attention has in recent years created an increased patient demand for gluteal contouring and augmentation. Gluteal augmentation and contouring with autologous fat transfer, colloquially referred to as the "Brazilian butt lift" (BBL), can be performed safely and effectively, with an overall complication rate ranging from 1.5% to 6.

Objective Comparison of Donor-Site Morbidity following Full and Thoracodorsal Nerve-Preserving Split Latissimus Dorsi Flaps.

Background: The latissimus dorsi flap is a workhorse for reconstruction. However, flap harvest has been variably reported to result in donor-site morbidity. The aim of this study was to compare donor-site morbidity following harvest of a split latissimus dorsi flap, preserving the anterior branch of the thoracodorsal nerve, and a traditional nerve-sacrificing full latissimus dorsi flap.

Comparison of Collagen and Human Amniotic Membrane Nerve Wraps and Conduits for Peripheral Nerve Repair in Preclinical Models: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Background:  Collagen and human amniotic membrane (hAM) are Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved biomaterials that can be used as nerve wraps or conduits for repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Both biomaterials have been shown to reduce scarring and fibrosis of injured peripheral nerves. However, comparative advantages and disadvantages have not been definitively shown in the literature.

Gingivosupraperiosteoplasty following Presurgical Maxillary Orthopedics Is Associated with Normal Midface Growth in Complete Unilateral and Bilateral Cleft Patients at Mixed Dentition.

Background: Passive orthodontic appliances and gingivosupraperiosteoplasty are adjuncts that can be used by surgeons at the time of primary cleft lip repair. These treatments, along with the surgical technique of cleft lip and palate repair, may impact midface growth. The objective of this study was to describe the authors' protocol for unilateral and bilateral cleft lip repair and to evaluate midfacial growth in a cohort of patients at mixed dentition who had undergone presurgical passive orthodontic appliance therapy and gingivosupraperiosteoplasty at the time of unilateral and bilateral cleft lip repair.

Use of Commercially Produced Medical Education Videos in a Cardiovascular Curriculum: Multiple Cohort Study.

Background: Short instructional videos can make learning more efficient through the application of multimedia principles, and video animations can illustrate the complex concepts and dynamic processes that are common in health sciences education. Commercially produced videos are commonly used by medical students but are rarely integrated into curricula.

Objective: Our goal was to examine student engagement with medical education videos incorporated into a preclinical Cardiovascular Systems course.

Is Digital Animation Superior to Text Resources for Facial Transplantation Education? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Facial transplantation is a complex surgical procedure that requires education of medical professionals, patients, and the general public. The objective of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the educational efficacy of facial transplantation digital animation versus text resources for teaching medical students a complex surgical procedure and its applicable anatomical and surgical principles.

Methods: Medical student volunteers were recruited and prospectively randomized to an animation or a text group.

Rolling With the Punches: A National Electronic Injury Surveillance System Database Study of Craniofacial Injuries in Boxing.

Introduction: Boxing is a popular combat sport in which competitors may sustain high impact blows to the face. For this reason, they are at high risk for craniofacial injuries; however, data on facial injuries specific to boxing remains sparse. Studies on safety measures, such as headgear, to prevent such injuries in boxing have been inconclusive.

Kick Start to an Epidemiological Report of Soccer-Related Craniofacial Trauma Analysis.

Introduction: Soccer is a global sport played by millions annually with an increasing popularity in the United States. Game is played by a wide range of participants from all ages and levels of competition. This scenario leads to a potential disparity in the injury profile based on quantifiable demographics.