The Impact of Financial Incentives on Completion of a No Money No Time 6-Week Culinary Nutrition eHealth Challenge.

Introduction: No Money No Time is a culinary nutrition website focused on diet quality improvement. The aim was to compare participant retention in a 6-week eHealth challenge, with and without use of financial incentives and to compare demographic characteristic, diet quality and engagement outcomes between them.

Methods: The single-arm, pre-post studies [Spring Eatz (30 August to 17 September, 2023) and RE$ET (20th February to March, 2024)] recruited adults ≥ 18 years from Australia into a 6-week nutrition challenge delivered via weekly emails that directed participants to the No Money No Time (NMNT) purpose-built culinary and nutrition-related health website from after completing the embedded Healthy Eating Quiz (HEQ) and consenting to data use for research purposes.

The effectiveness of medical nutrition therapy for people at moderate to high risk of cardiovascular disease in an Australian rural primary care setting: 12-month results from a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.

Purpose: To reduce risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adults, as assessed by primary care doctors in rural NSW, Australia. Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) was delivered by Accredited Practicing Dietitians (APDs) using telehealth.

Methods: The study was a 12-month pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial.

Effectiveness of dietary interventions in individuals with diabetes for preventing and healing chronic wounds; a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Optimising the nutritional status of individuals with diabetes is essential to optimise glycaemic control, as well as to prevent and promote wound healing. A variety of nutrition interventions are available. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to describe and synthesise the effectiveness of nutrition interventions for the prevention and management of chronic wounds in people with diabetes.

Metabolite Profiles in Response to Dietary Interventions for Management of Blood Pressure: A Systematic Review.

Background: Hypertension is a major global public health issue. The mechanisms through which diet influences blood pressure (BP) remain to be fully elucidated. Nutritional metabolomics offers an objective method for examining diet-health outcomes, including the contribution of intermediate molecules and metabolic byproducts or metabolites to BP regulation.

Associations Between Dietary Carotenoid Intake and Plasma Carotenoid Concentrations and Skin Yellowness, a Validation Study.

Background: Carotenoids are pigments abundant in fruits and vegetables and can be measured in plasma and skin. This study aimed to evaluate associations between carotenoid intake, assessed by self-reported usual diet against plasma carotenoid and skin yellowness concentrations in Australian adults (n = 50, aged 39.3 ± 15.

What is the Role of Primary Prevention of Obesity in an Age of Effective Pharmaceuticals?

Purpose Of Review: To examine the evidence and continuing role of strategies for the primary prevention and treatment of obesity in the context of effective obesity pharmacotherapies, through a narrative review.

Recent Findings: Global policies to improve nutritional labelling and reduce sugar-sweetened beverages consumption have been implemented worldwide (> 45 countries) with some success which varies by population and environment. Tailored behavioural interventions are effective and essential to reduce individual risk of progression from preclinical to clinical obesity.

Perspective: Diet Item Details: Reporting Checklist for Feeding Studies Measuring the Dietary Metabolome (DID-METAB Checklist) - Explanation and Elaboration Report on the Development of the Checklist by the DID-METAB Delphi Working Group.

Metabolomics is a postgenomic, systems-based discipline offering valuable applications in nutrition research, including the use of objective biomarkers to characterize dietary intake and metabolic responses more accurately. A scoping review identified the need for reporting guidance on dietary information in the form of a checklist to ensure reproducibility of human feeding studies that are measuring the diet-related metabolome. In this study, we aimed to gain consensus on a core outcome set pertaining to diet-related item details (DIDs) and recommendations for reporting DIDs to inform development of a reporting checklist.

Urinary Metabolite Profiles of Participants with Overweight and Obesity Prescribed a Weight Loss High Fruit and Vegetable Diet: A Single Arm Intervention Study.

Background/objectives: Thus far, no studies have examined the relationship between fruit and vegetable (F and V) intake, urinary metabolite quantities, and weight change. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to explore changes in urinary metabolomic profiles during and after a 10-week weight loss intervention where participants were prescribed a high F and V diet (7 servings daily).

Methods: Adults with overweight and obesity ( = 34) received medical nutrition therapy counselling to increase their F and V intakes to national targets (7 servings a day).

Understanding the Genetic Architecture of Vitamin Status Biomarkers in the Genome-Wide Association Study Era: Biological Insights and Clinical Significance.

Vitamins play an intrinsic role in human health and are targets for clinical intervention through dietary or pharmacological approaches. Biomarkers of vitamin status are complex traits, measurable phenotypes that arise from an interplay between dietary and other environmental factors with a genetic component that is polygenic, meaning many genes are plausibly involved. Studying these genetic influences will improve our knowledge of fundamental vitamin biochemistry, refine estimates of the effects of vitamins on human health, and may in future prove clinically actionable.

Do Personalized Nutrition Interventions Improve Dietary Intake and Risk Factors in Adults With Elevated Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Context: Dietary modifications can improve cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Personalized nutrition (PN) refers to individualized nutrition care based on genetic, phenotypic, medical, behavioral, and/or lifestyle characteristics. PN may be beneficial in improving CVD risk factors, including diet.

The Relationship Between Diet Quality and 21-Year Cumulative Health Care Costs Among Australian Women: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Background: The relationships between diet quality and health care costs have not been explored beyond 15 years.

Objective: To investigate relationships between both baseline diet quality and change in diet quality over time with cumulative data on health care claims and costs over 21 years among Australian women.

Design: This is a secondary analysis of data from a cohort study, the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.

No Money No Time Culinary Nutrition Website eHealth Challenge: A Pre-Post Evaluation of Impact on Diet Quality, Food Expenditure, and Engagement.

No Money No Time (NMNT) is a culinary nutrition website designed to optimize diet quality. The primary aim was to evaluate the impact of an online targeted nutrition challenge email campaign that encouraged engagement with NMNT and goal setting to improve diet quality and weekly food expenditure. A secondary aim was to assess NMNT engagement.

Recommendations for Designing, Conducting, and Reporting Feeding Trials in Nutrition Research.

Double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials are the gold standard for clinical trials in nutrition science. For trials of whole diets, dietary counseling is advantageous as they offer clinical translatability although can vary in the fidelity of the intended intervention from participant to participant and across studies. Feeding trials, in which most or all food is provided, offer high precision and can provide proof-of-concept evidence that a dietary intervention is efficacious and can also better evaluate the effect of known quantities of foods and nutrients on physiology.

Do Precision and Personalised Nutrition Interventions Improve Risk Factors in Adults with Prediabetes or Metabolic Syndrome? A Systematic Review of Randomised Controlled Trials.

This review aimed to synthesise existing literature on the efficacy of personalised or precision nutrition (PPN) interventions, including medical nutrition therapy (MNT), in improving outcomes related to glycaemic control (HbA1c, post-prandial glucose [PPG], and fasting blood glucose), anthropometry (weight, BMI, and waist circumference [WC]), blood lipids, blood pressure (BP), and dietary intake among adults with prediabetes or metabolic syndrome (MetS). Six databases were systematically searched (Scopus, Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Cochrane) for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published from January 2000 to 16 April 2023. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Quality Criteria were used to assess the risk of bias.

'Nutrition has everything to do with wound healing'-health professionals' perceptions of assessment and management of nutrition in individuals with diabetes-related foot ulceration.

Determine how healthcare professionals perceive their role in nutrition assessment and management, and explore barriers and enablers to assessment and management of nutrition in individuals with DFU. Mixed methods including a cross-sectional online survey derived from current international guidelines and theoretical domains framework, and semi-structured interviews with conventional content analysis was performed. One hundred and ninety-one participants completed the survey, with 19 participating in interviews.

Healthy rural hearts: The feasibility of a telehealth nutrition randomised controlled trial for rural people at risk of cardiovascular disease.

IntroductionImproving dietary patterns using medical nutrition therapy delivered via telehealth could make an effective contribution to reducing cardiovascular disease burden in rural Australia. However, it is important that medical nutrition therapy programmes are developed in collaboration with rural stakeholders, to increase feasibility for the rural context and the likelihood of successful implementation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the preliminary feasibility outcomes of integration (implementation), practicality, acceptability, demand, and preliminary effectiveness at the 3-month timepoint of the Healthy Rural Hearts randomised control trial.

Revisiting the impact of Health at Every Size® interventions on health and cardiometabolic related outcomes: An updated systematic review with meta-analysis.

Aims: To (1) synthesise evidence from Health at Every Size® interventions on physical and psychological health in people with overweight and obesity and (2) report between-group differences within interventions evaluating the impact of Health at Every Size® interventions on health and health-related outcomes.

Methods: Six databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane, PsychInfo, CINAHL, and Scopus) were searched from inception until November 2022. Included studies were conducted in adults with overweight or obesity, used Health at Every Size®-based interventions compared with control interventions and reported dietary, physical and/or psychological outcomes, including diet quality, anthropometry, or quality of life.

Genetic influences on circulating retinol and its relationship to human health.

Retinol is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an essential role in many biological processes throughout the human lifespan. Here, we perform the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of retinol to date in up to 22,274 participants. We identify eight common variant loci associated with retinol, as well as a rare-variant signal.

Diet quality and cardiovascular outcomes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.

Aims: To evaluate relationships between diet quality and cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: Six databases were searched for studies published between January 2007 and October 2021. Eligible studies included cohort studies that assessed the relationship between a priori diet quality and cardiovascular disease mortality and morbidity in adults.

Workplace Health Promotion Programs Targeting Smoking, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity in Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

The workplace has been highlighted as a potential setting to deliver health promotion programs to target modifiable health behaviors that contribute to chronic disease. This review evaluated the effectiveness of interventions implemented within the workplace that targeted either smoking, nutrition, alcohol, physical activity, and/or overweight and obesity in men. A review protocol was prospectively registered through PROSPERO (CRD42021293398).

Most individuals with diabetes-related foot ulceration do not meet dietary consensus guidelines for wound healing.

The inaugural expert consensus and guidance for Nutrition Interventions in Adults with Diabetic Foot Ulcers (DFU) have been welcomed by clinicians internationally. This short report aimed to determine how the macronutrient and micronutrient status of individuals living with DFU compared to the American Limb Preservation Society Nutrition Interventions in Adults with DFU expert consensus and guidance. Descriptive analysis was conducted as a secondary analysis of an existing dataset.

Happy Little Vegemites™! An analysis of the contribution of yeast extract spreads and tomato-based sauces to nutrient intake adequacy in Australia.

Background: Yeast extract spreads and tomato-based sauces (i.e., ketchup) are consumed regularly by the Australian population.

Delivery of telehealth nutrition and physical activity interventions to adults living in rural areas: a scoping review.

Background: Lifestyle behaviours related to smoking, alcohol, nutrition, and physical activity are leading risk factors for the development of chronic disease. For people in rural areas, access to individualised lifestyle services targeting behaviour change may be improved by using telehealth. However, the scope of literature investigating telehealth lifestyle behaviour change interventions for rural populations is unknown, making it difficult to ascertain whether telehealth interventions require adaptation for rural context via a systematic review.

Dietary Assessment and Metabolomic Methodologies in Human Feeding Studies: A Scoping Review.

Dietary metabolomics is a relatively objective approach to identifying new biomarkers of dietary intake and for use alongside traditional methods. However, methods used across dietary feeding studies vary, thus making it challenging to compare results. The objective of this study was to synthesize methodological components of controlled human feeding studies designed to quantify the diet-related metabolome in biospecimens, including plasma, serum, and urine after dietary interventions.