Reply to Landwehr, K.R.; Larcombe, A.N. Comment on "Karthikeyan et al. Concordance between In Vitro and In Vivo Relative Toxic Potencies of Diesel Exhaust Particles from Different Biodiesel Blends. 2024, , 290".

This reply aims to address the comments made by Landwehr and Larcombe [...

Maternal mechanisms in air pollution exposure-related adverse pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review.

Air pollution exposure is linked to various adverse health effects including cardiopulmonary, neurological and reproductive outcomes. Susceptible populations such as pregnant women and infants can be affected to a greater extent compared to healthy individuals. Thus, understanding air pollutant exposure-related toxicity pathways in pregnancy can provide information on developmental origin of health and diseases in both mothers and infants.

Exposure of A549 and J774A.1 Cells to SiO and TiO Nanoforms and Related Cellular- and Molecular-Level Effects: Application of Proteomics.

There is an emerging interest in incorporating proteomic data for environmental health risk assessments. Meanwhile, the production and use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) with attractive physicochemical properties are expanding with the potential for exposure, thus necessitating toxicity information on these materials for health risk analysis, where proteomic data can be informative. Here, cells (A549 human lung epithelial and J774A.

Concordance between In Vitro and In Vivo Relative Toxic Potencies of Diesel Exhaust Particles from Different Biodiesel Blends.

Diesel exhaust particles (DEPs) contribute to air pollution exposure-related adverse health impacts. Here, we examined in vitro, and in vivo toxicities of DEPs from a Caterpillar C11 heavy-duty diesel engine emissions using ultra-low-sulfur diesel (ULSD) and biodiesel blends (20% /) of canola (B20C), soy (B20S), or tallow-waste fry oil (B20T) in ULSD. The in vitro effects of DEPs (DEP, DEP, DEP, and DEP) in exposed mouse monocyte/macrophage cells (J774A.

toxicity screening of amorphous silica nanoparticles using mitochondrial fraction exposure followed by MS-based proteomic analysis.

Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) are used in consumer products, engineering and medical technologies. Attractive properties of SiNPs ( size/surface-modification) enhance usage and thus the likelihood of environmental/human exposures. The assessment of health risks associated with exposures to SiNPs requires information on their relative potencies and toxicity mechanisms.

Characterization of maternal plasma biomarkers associated with delivery of small and large for gestational age infants in the MIREC study cohort.

Objective: Neonatal morbidity and mortality can be influenced by maternal health status. Information on maternal and fetal biomarkers of adverse health outcomes is limited. This work aims at identifying maternal biomarkers associated with low and high birth weight for gestational age groups.

Cardiovascular and inflammatory mechanisms in healthy humans exposed to air pollution in the vicinity of a steel mill.

Background: There is a paucity of mechanistic information that is central to the understanding of the adverse health effects of source emission exposures. To identify source emission-related effects, blood and saliva samples from healthy volunteers who spent five days near a steel plant (Bayview site, with and without a mask that filtered many criteria pollutants) and at a well-removed College site were tested for oxidative stress, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction markers.

Methods: Biomarker analyses were done using multiplexed protein-array, HPLC-Fluorescence, EIA and ELISA methods.

Oxidative and nitrative stress-related changes in human lens epithelial cells following exposure to X-rays.

Purpose: There is limited understanding of the mechanistic effects of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure in cataract formation. In this study, we explored the effects of IR on reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) generation in human lens epithelial (HLE) cells as an early key event to long-term damage.

Materials And Methods: HLE cell-line was exposed to X-rays at varied doses (0-5 Gy) and dose-rates.

Blood metal levels and third trimester maternal plasma matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

While it is known that in utero exposure to environmental toxicants, namely heavy metals, can adversely affect the neonate, there remains a significant paucity of information on maternal biological changes specific to metal exposures during pregnancy. This study aims at identifying associations between maternal metal exposures and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that are known to be engaged in pregnancy process. Third trimester maternal plasma (n = 1533) from a pregnancy cohort (Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study, MIREC) were analyzed for MMP-1,-2,-7,-9 and -10 by affinity-based multiplex protein array analyses.

Impact of Superoxide Dismutase Mimetic AEOL 10150 on the Endothelin System of Fischer 344 Rats.

Endothelin-1 is a potent vasoconstrictor and mitogenic peptide involved in the regulation of vasomotor tone and maintenance of blood pressure. Oxidative stress activates the endothelin system, and is implicated in pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases including hypertension, congestive heart failure, and atherosclerosis. Superoxide dismutase mimetics designed with the aim of treating diseases that involve reactive oxygen species in their pathophysiology may exert a hypotensive effect, but effects on the endothelin system are unknown.

Infant birth weight and third trimester maternal plasma markers of vascular integrity: the MIREC study.

Background: There is paucity of information on mechanisms constituting adverse birth outcomes. We assessed here the relationship between vascular integrity and adverse birth effects.

Methods And Results: Third trimester maternal plasma (n = 144) from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study (MIREC) was analysed for vascular, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers by HPLC-fluorescence, protein array and EIA method.

Nitrative stress, oxidative stress and plasma endothelin levels after inhalation of particulate matter and ozone.

Background: While exposure to ambient air contaminants is clearly associated with adverse health outcomes, disentangling mechanisms of pollutant interactions remains a challenge.

Objectives: We aimed at characterizing free radical pathways and the endothelinergic system in rats after inhalation of urban particulate matter, ozone, and a combination of particles plus ozone to gain insight into pollutant-specific toxicity mechanisms and any effect modification due to air pollutant mixtures.

Methods: Fischer 344 rats were exposed for 4 h to a 3 × 3 concentration matrix of ozone (0, 0.

Cardiovascular changes in atherosclerotic ApoE-deficient mice exposed to Co60 (γ) radiation.

Background: There is evidence for a role of ionizing radiation in cardiovascular diseases. The goal of this work was to identify changes in oxidative and nitrative stress pathways and the status of the endothelinergic system during progression of atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice after single and repeated exposure to ionizing radiation.

Methods And Results: B6.

A high performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical array method for the measurement of oxidative/nitrative changes in human urine.

Oxidative stress has been implicated in various pathologies as well as in environmental pollutant-induced negative health outcomes. In this work we have developed an analytical method to measure oxidative stress markers namely m-, o-tyrosine, 3-chlorotyrosine, 3-nitrotyrosine, and the DNA damage marker 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine in human urine. The method involves the base hydrolysis of the urine sample followed by solid phase extraction of target analytes using a reverse phase polymeric sorbent column prior to the HPLC-EC analysis.