Origin of monosodium urate Randall's plaques.

In 3.4% of Randall's plaques, monosodium urate can be detected. The formation mechanism of these Randall's plaques is unrevealed and the clinical and biochemical characteristics of affected patients are unknown.

Kidney Stone Biology: insights from Genetics.

Kidney Stone Disease (KSD) affects more than 10% of the global population and has a high likelihood of recurrence. Its prevalence has risen significantly in recent decades, posing a substantial economic burden. Moreover, KSD is linked to several comorbidities, amplifying its impact on general health and well-being.

SMART Stone Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) and patient care: recommendations for the adult high-risk kidney stone patient pathway.

Purpose: The SMART Stone Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) recommendations aim to provide guidance on the role of the MDT in the early identification, referral and assessment of adult high-risk recurrent kidney stone formers to advance patient care.

Methods: Recommendations were developed by the expert Steering Committee (SC) comprising of three Urologists, one Nephrologist, and two Biochemists/Geneticists from the UK, Spain, Germany, and Italy. These recommendations were voted on by invited specialists via an online survey to determine their level of agreement, from 'strongly agree' to 'strongly disagree'.

Efficient removal of oxalate from tea by pre-infusion.

Purpose: Most kidney stones are made of calcium oxalate. Many kidney stone formers stop drinking tea, resulting in reduced diuresis. The oxalate in tea diffuses rapidly during infusion.

Nano-Investigation of Mineralized Biological Samples Chemical Composition: Experimental Challenges, Constraints, and Considerations.

Understanding the chemical composition of calcifications in biological tissues at the nanoscale is crucial for deciphering their formation processes and possible pathological implications. Atomic Force Microscopy Infrared Spectroscopy (AFM-IR), by allowing IR spectroscopy at the nanoscale, is thus a promising strategy to access such highly spatially resolved chemical information. However, these specimens' inherent morphological and mechanical heterogeneities pose significant challenges for standard resonance-enhanced (RE-AFM-IR) and tapping AFM-IR acquisition modes.

Challenging the narrative of Alport syndrome spectrum: no link with cystic phenotype.

Background: Alport syndromes (AS) are the second leading genetic cause of kidney failure. Whether the multiple kidney cysts (MKC) phenotype belongs to the AS spectrum remains debated.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective study focused on patients genotyped with pathogenic COL4A3, COL4A4, or COL4A5 variants (classified as ACMG-AMP 4 or 5) between January 2011 and January 2023 across four French university hospitals.

Severe hypophosphatemia induced by excessive production of FGF23 in acute hepatitis: from bedside to bench.

Background: Although hepatic production of FGF23 has been suggested in chronic settings, there are no data indicating hypophosphatemia resulting from acute hepatic FGF23 production. Based on two clinical observations of profound hypophosphatemia in the setting of acute hepatitis, our study investigates the hypothesis of acute FGF23 liver expression.

Methods: Retrospective analyses were conducted to estimate FGF23 liver expression both qualitatively ( hybridization) and quantitatively (relative FGF23 gene expression and protein production) on histological specimens of human and murine acute hepatitis livers, compared with controls of hepatic fibrosis or healthy liver.

Amoxicillin crystalluria and amoxicillin-induced crystal nephropathy: a narrative review.

Amoxicillin crystalluria (AC) refers to the precipitation of amoxicillin in the urine as amoxicillin trihydrate crystals. Amoxicillin-induced crystal nephropathy (AICN) refers to the obstruction of kidney tubules by amoxicillin trihydrate crystals, resulting in acute kidney injury. Usually considered rare and not serious, AC and AICN would be more frequent in patients receiving high-dose i.

Ureteroscopic management in cystinuric patients: long-term results from a tertiary care referral center.

Objective: To evaluate long-term surgical and functional outcomes of cystinuric patients exclusively treated with Ureteroscopy (URS).

Methods: Data from patients treated for cystine stones at a single academic center were retrospectively analyzed. The management protocol consisted of (i) treating symptomatic or > 7 mm stones, (ii) multi-staged URS for voluminous stones, (iii) referring patients to a dedicated nephrological clinic.

Kidney involvement in Wilson's disease: a review of the literature.

Wilson's disease (WD) is a rare inherited disease due to the mutation of the ATP7B gene, resulting in impaired hepatic copper excretion and its pathological accumulation in various organs such as the liver, the nervous system, or the kidneys. Whereas liver failure and neuropsychiatric disorders are the most common features, less is known about the renal complications. We conducted a review of the literature to define the characteristics and pathophysiology of kidney involvement during WD.

Sulfamethoxazole-induced crystal nephropathy: characterization and prognosis in a case series.

Cotrimoxazole (Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole-SMX) is frequently used in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. SMX is converted to N-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (NASM) and excreted by the kidneys. NASM may form crystals in urine, especially in acid urine, that may induce a crystalline nephropathy.

Confining calcium oxalate crystal growth in a carbonated apatite-coated microfluidic channel to better understand the role of Randall's plaque in kidney stone formation.

Effective prevention of recurrent kidney stone disease requires the understanding of the mechanisms of its formation. Numerous observations have demonstrated that a large number of pathological calcium oxalate kidney stones develop on an apatitic calcium phosphate deposit, known as Randall's plaque. In an attempt to understand the role of the inorganic hydroxyapatite phase in the formation and habits of calcium oxalates, we confined their growth under dynamic physicochemical and flow conditions in a reversible microfluidic channel coated with hydroxyapatite.

Urine concentration impairment in sickle cell anemia: genuine nephrogenic diabetes insipidus or osmotic diuresis?

The urine concentration impairment responsible for hyposthenuria in sickle cell nephropathy is currently thought to be a consequence of renal medulla lesions, which lead to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of hyposthenuria in patients with sickle cell anemia. We performed an observational study of patients with homozygous SS sickle cell anemia and data available on the fasting plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentration.

Abcc6 deficiency prevents rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury.

Rhabdomyolysis is a risk factor for acute kidney injury, transition towards chronic kidney disease, and death. The role of calcium phosphate deposits in the mechanisms of rhabdomyolysis-induced acute kidney injury (RAKI) is still unclear. Better insight of the role calcium in RAKI could lead to new therapeutic avenues.