Widespread adaptive evolution in angiosperm photosystems provides insight into the evolution of photosystem II repair.

Oxygenic photosynthesis generates the initial energy source that fuels nearly all life on Earth. At the heart of the process are the photosystems, which are pigment binding multiprotein complexes that catalyze the first step of photochemical conversion of light energy into chemical energy. Here, we investigate the molecular evolution of the plastid-encoded photosystem subunits at single-residue resolution across 773 angiosperm species.

Detailed DNA methylation characterisation of phyllodes tumours identifies a signature of malignancy and distinguishes phyllodes from metaplastic breast carcinoma.

Phyllodes tumours (PTs) are rare fibroepithelial lesions of the breast that are classified as benign, borderline, or malignant. As little is known about the molecular underpinnings of PTs, current diagnosis relies on histological examination. However, accurate classification is often difficult, particularly for distinguishing borderline from malignant PTs.

Unicentric Castleman's disease imitating metastatic melanoma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: This case report shows a unique case of Castleman's disease in the context of histopathological diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma where clinical and radiological features of Castleman's disease were masked by presumptive diagnosis of metastatic melanoma. The disease is part of a group of lymphoproliferative disorders with characteristic histopathological features that can occur in any lymph node in the body, characterised by slow growing painless masses which are asymptomatic until mass effect occurs. This case highlights the need for caution when considering management of lymphadenopathy with clinically/radiologically suspicious nodes.

The Evolutionary Constraints on Angiosperm Chloroplast Adaptation.

The chloroplast (plastid) arose via the endosymbiosis of a photosynthetic cyanobacterium by a nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic cell ∼1.5 billion years ago. Although the plastid underwent rapid evolution by genome reduction, its rate of molecular evolution is low and its genome organization is highly conserved.

A single-cell and spatially resolved atlas of human breast cancers.

Breast cancers are complex cellular ecosystems where heterotypic interactions play central roles in disease progression and response to therapy. However, our knowledge of their cellular composition and organization is limited. Here we present a single-cell and spatially resolved transcriptomics analysis of human breast cancers.

Stromal cell diversity associated with immune evasion in human triple-negative breast cancer.

The tumour stroma regulates nearly all stages of carcinogenesis. Stromal heterogeneity in human triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) remains poorly understood, limiting the development of stromal-targeted therapies. Single-cell RNA sequencing of five TNBCs revealed two cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF) and two perivascular-like (PVL) subpopulations.

Faculty Perspectives Regarding Day One-Ready Examination Items.

The objective of this mixed-methods, cross-sectional study was to evaluate faculty perspectives regarding Day One-Ready (DOR) content on examination questions given to students at a veterinary medical college and to elucidate whether differing viewpoints on what information constitutes DOR knowledge exist among different veterinary disciplines. Twelve faculty members at a veterinary medical college from three different disciplines (small animal internal medicine, surgery, and primary care) reviewed examination questions given to veterinary students, answered the questions, and stated whether they tested DOR information. After elimination of items not answered by all respondents and after reviewing for question quality, 103 questions remained for analysis.

ABVD Without Radiation for Newly Diagnosed Pediatric and Young Adult Patients With Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Single Center Retrospective Analysis of 28 Consecutive Patients.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is the most common malignancy affecting adolescents and young adults. Treatment with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation results in cure rates of >90%. However, radiation therapy causes significant late effects and avoiding radiation entirely for patients who respond to chemotherapy is an accepted strategy.

Maternal and Neonatal Directed Assessment of Technologies (MANDATE): Methods and Assumptions for a Predictive Model for Maternal, Fetal, and Neonatal Mortality Interventions.

Maternal, fetal, and neonatal mortality disproportionately impact low- and middle-income countries, and many current interventions that can save lives are often not available nor appropriate for these settings. Maternal and Neonatal Directed Assessment of Technologies (MANDATE) is a mathematical model designed to evaluate which interventions have the greatest potential to save maternal, fetal, and neonatal lives saved in sub-Saharan Africa and India. The MANDATE decision-support model includes interventions such as preventive interventions, diagnostics, treatments, and transfers to different care settings to compare the relative impact of different interventions on mortality outcomes.

Myoepithelial cell-specific expression of stefin A as a suppressor of early breast cancer invasion.

Mammography screening has increased the detection of early pre-invasive breast cancers, termed ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), increasing the urgency of identifying molecular regulators of invasion as prognostic markers to predict local relapse. Using the MMTV-PyMT breast cancer model and pharmacological protease inhibitors, we reveal that cysteine cathepsins have important roles in early-stage tumorigenesis. To characterize the cell-specific roles of cathepsins in early invasion, we developed a DCIS-like model, incorporating an immortalized myoepithelial cell line (N1ME) that restrained tumor cell invasion in 3D culture.

Programmed death ligand 1 expression in triple-negative breast cancer is associated with tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes and improved outcome.

Aims: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients generally have a poor outcome; there is a pressing need to identify more effective therapeutic strategies. Clinical trials targeting programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD1/PDL1) in melanoma and non-small-cell lung cancer have reported high response rates, and tumoral PDL1 expression has been suggested as a potential biomarker to enrich for patient response to these treatments. There are only very limited data to date reporting the expression of PDL1 in TNBC.

Superselective intra-arterial melphalan therapy for newly diagnosed and refractory retinoblastoma: results from a single institution.

Background: Intra-arterial administration of melphalan chemotherapy has shown promise in the treatment of retinoblastoma. This report describes our results using superselective intra-arterial melphalan in patients with newly diagnosed retinoblastoma and those who were treated for progression after systemic chemotherapy.

Methods: This is a retrospective review of all retinoblastoma patients treated with intra-arterial melphalan at the University of California, San Francisco from March 2010 to August 2012.

Primary mixed malignant tumor of bone in an 18-year-old male: Report of a case with radiologic-pathologic correlation.

We report a case of primary malignant mixed tumor (MMT) of bone in an 18-year-old boy with X-ray, CT, MR, scintigraphic, FDG PET, and pathologic correlation. Primary MMT of bone is a highly aggressive tumor and presents both a diagnostic and clinical treatment challenge. This tumor is extremely rare and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the diagnostic imaging findings for primary MMT arising from bone in a patient of this age group.

Decreasing unnecessary utilization in acute bronchiolitis care: results from the value in inpatient pediatrics network.

Background: Acute viral bronchiolitis is the most common diagnosis resulting in hospital admission in pediatrics. Utilization of non-evidence-based therapies and testing remains common despite a large volume of evidence to guide quality improvement efforts.

Objective: Our objective was to reduce utilization of unnecessary therapies in the inpatient care of bronchiolitis across a diverse network of clinical sites.

Relationship between loneliness and proangiogenic cytokines in newly diagnosed tumors of colon and rectum.

Objective: To investigate the association of serum levels of proangiogenic cytokines with different indices of social support and loneliness by measuring the levels of expression of two important proangiogenic cytokines, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interleukin-6 in tumors of colon and rectum. Lack of social support has been prospectively associated with cancer progression.

Methods: Fifty-one newly diagnosed patients with colorectal tumors (mean age, 68.

Dementia and dysphagia.

In 2004, more than 12% of the population in the United States was aged 65 years or older. This percentage is expected to increase to 20% of the population by 2030. The prevalence of swallowing disorders, or dysphagia, in older individuals ranges from 7% to 22% and dramatically increases to 40% to 50% in older individuals who reside in long-term care facilities.

Radiation risks from imaging studies in children with cancer.

Individuals exposed to high doses of ionizing radiation are known to be at risk of developing cancer. Recent reviews about the late effects of ionizing radiation indicate that even low doses of radiation can cause cancer. Significant radiation exposure occurs with commonly used imaging studies including CT scans, PET scans, and bone scans.

Pediatric acute blastic natural killer cell leukemia.

The goal of this report is to describe a rare case of pediatric blastic natural killer (NK) cell leukemia and to compare pediatric blastic NK cell leukemia/lymphoma to other reported cases of pediatric NK cell leukemia. The patient, a 9-year-old girl, presented with acute leukemia with a phenotype similar to adult blastic NK cell leukemia/lymphoma. The blasts were agranular and expressed CD7, 45, 56, and HLA-DR, but not CD3, 11c, 13, 33, or TdT.