Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) depletion from hepatocytes in experimental primary liver cancer.

Dipeptidyl peptidase 9 (DPP9) is an indispensable intracellular protease. Among its many molecular functions is suppression of the NLRP1 inflammasome. Inhibitors targeting all four proteases of the DPP4 family, including DPP9, can reduce tumour burden, including in mouse liver.

Looking beyond workforce parity: addressing gender inequity in pathology.

While women pathologists have made up over one-third of pathologists in the Australian workforce for over 15 years and at least 50% since 2019, they are under-represented in senior leadership roles, scientific publications, grant recipients, editorial boards, key presentations, and professional awards. This is not unique to pathology and is seen in the broader medical and academic community. Barriers to gender equity and equality in pathology, medicine and academia include gender stereotypes, gender-based discrimination, structural and organisational barriers as well as broader social and cultural barriers.

Inter-rater concordance of basal cell carcinoma subtypes: influences on reporting format and opportunities for further classification modifications.

Diagnosis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) higher risk subtypes influences management strategies because of their propensity to recur locally. Subtyping is prone to inter-observer variability, and subtyping definitions are inconsistently applied. This study sought to compare the interobserver reproducibility of individual BCC subtypes using the 4th edition World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Skin Tumours (CoST) definitions, with classification into lower and higher risk histological subtype groups.

Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention in Transplant Recipients.

Background: Immunosuppressed organ-transplant recipients have an increased incidence of, and mortality from, skin cancer. Nicotinamide (vitamin B) enhances the repair of ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced DNA damage, reduces the cutaneous immunosuppressive effects of UV radiation, and reduces the incidence of keratinocyte cancers (including squamous-cell and basal-cell carcinomas) and actinic keratoses among high-risk immunocompetent patients. Whether oral nicotinamide is useful for skin-cancer chemoprevention in organ-transplant recipients is unclear.

Diagnostic challenges of focal nodular hyperplasia: interobserver variability, accuracy, and the utility of glutamine synthetase immunohistochemistry.

Aims: The diagnosis of focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) and the interpretation of glutamine synthetase (GS) staining can be challenging on biopsies. We aimed to evaluate the reproducibility of needle biopsy diagnosis of FNH, the effect of GS immunohistochemistry on FNH diagnosis, and which histological features are most useful for the diagnosis of FNH.

Methods And Results: The study included virtual needle biopsies generated from 75 resection specimens (30 FNHs, 15 hepatocellular adenomas, 15 hepatocellular carcinomas, and 15 non-lesional liver specimens).

Nicotinamide for skin cancer chemoprevention: effects of nicotinamide on melanoma in vitro and in vivo.

Nicotinamide (NAM), an amide form of vitamin B3, replenishes cellular energy after ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure, thereby enhancing DNA repair and reducing UVR's immunosuppressive effects. NAM reduces actinic keratoses and new keratinocyte cancers in high risk individuals, but its effects on melanoma are unknown. Melanomas arising on NAM or placebo within the ONTRAC skin cancer chemoprevention trial (Oral Nicotinamide To Reduce Actinic Cancer) were examined by immunohistochemistry.

A Phase 3 Randomized Trial of Nicotinamide for Skin-Cancer Chemoprevention.

Background: Nonmelanoma skin cancers, such as basal-cell carcinoma and squamous-cell carcinoma, are common cancers that are caused principally by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Nicotinamide (vitamin B3) has been shown to have protective effects against damage caused by UV radiation and to reduce the rate of new premalignant actinic keratoses.

Methods: In this phase 3, double-blind, randomized, controlled trial, we randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, 386 participants who had had at least two nonmelanoma skin cancers in the previous 5 years to receive 500 mg of nicotinamide twice daily or placebo for 12 months.

Variation of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter methylation in serial samples in glioblastoma.

Methylation of the promoter region of the O ( 6 ) -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene is known to be predictive of response to temozolomide treatment in patients with glioblastoma. Contrastingly, little is known about variation in the methylation status of the MGMT promoter after treatment or across different regions of the same tumor. About 22 samples from 10 patients who had undergone multiple resections of a glioblastoma were examined with promoter sequencing.

Malignant phyllodes tumor metastatic to the lung with osteogenic differentiation diagnosed on fine needle aspiration biopsy. A case report.

Background: Osteosarcomatous differentiation in malignant phyllodes tumors is rare. No cases of either primary or metastatic lesions were identified in the literature that were initially diagnosed on fine needle aspiration biopsy.

Case: Cytologic and histologic findings of a metastatic malignant phyllodes tumor with osteosarcomatous differentiation in a 63-year-old woman are presented.