Evaluating Outcomes of Live-Attenuated Vaccine Administration in Pediatric Patients on Dupilumab for Atopic Dermatitis.

Dupilumab is an IL-4Rα and IL-13 inhibitor FDA-approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in patients 6 months and older. Guidelines recommend against live-attenuated vaccines due to limited safety data. We conducted a retrospective chart review of 233 patients aged 6 months to 10 years receiving dupilumab for AD at Children's Wisconsin, which showed that 19 received live vaccines during the study period.

Species diversity and risk factors of gastrointestinal nematodes in smallholder dairy calves in Kenya.

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are of major concern in dairy farming, particularly in smallholder systems, because of their impact on the health of the calves and later on their productivity. These infections often occur as co-infections, which can complicate their prevention and treatment. The aim of this study was to conduct fecal egg counts (FEC), genetically identify GIN species, assess species diversity, and identify associated risk factors for GIN infections in dairy calves.

Female Dyspareunia and the Relationship to Neurophysiologic Mechanisms: A Scoping Review.

Objective: This scoping review aims to evaluate recent studies that examine the relationship between dyspareunia and neurophysiologic factors, and to synthesize their results as it pertains to the development and treatment of introital/vulvar dyspareunia and deep dyspareunia DATA SOURCES: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed (NLM), Embase (Elsevier), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Web of Science (Clarivate), Psycinfo (ProQuest), and Cochrane Library (Wiley) to find peer reviewed studies written in English published in 2000 or later that discussed how neurophysiology is related to dyspareunia. Search terms: dyspareunia; painful intercourse; genito-pelvic pain; penetration disorder; neuropsychology; central nervous system sensitization; neur; central sensitization.

Methods Of Study Selection: 1101 studies were screened and 108 were included in the review.

Activation of Chemokine (C-C Motif) Receptor 1 Modulates α-Adrenoceptor and Arginine Vasopressin Receptor 1A Signaling and Function.

Background: We reported previously that α-AR (α-adrenoceptor) and AVPR1A (arginine vasopressin receptor 1A) heteromerize with CCR1 (C-C motif [chemokine] receptor 1) in human monocytes, through which CCR1 is controlled. Whether CCR1 affects α-AR and AVPR1A signaling and whether such complexes are detectable in human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs) is unknown.

Methods And Results: Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer suggested that the receptors can form hetero-oligomeric complexes.

Global synthesis and regional insights for mainstreaming urban nature-based solutions.

Nature-based solutions (NbS) have emerged as a key strategy for sustainably addressing multiple urban challenges, with rapidly increasing knowledge production requiring synthesis to better understand whether and how NbS work in different social, ecological, economic, or governance contexts. Insights in this Perspective are drawn from a thematic review of 61 NbS review articles supported by an expert assessment of NbS knowledge in seven global regions to examine key challenges, fill gaps in Global South assessment, and provide insights for scaling up NbS for impact in cities. Eight NbS challenges emerged from our review of NbS reviews including conceptual, thematic, geographic, ecological, inclusivity, health, governance, and systems challenges.

Disease Risks for Restoring Endangered Sahelo-Saharan Antelope: A Literature Review.

In 1994, the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals identified six species of Sahelo-Saharan antelope in immediate danger of extinction. Several of these species are now subjects of large-scale conservation efforts, including reintroductions and population reinforcements across their native ranges. However, disease-related mortalities can cause major setbacks, and wildlife-livestock interfaces are widely thought to have contributed to disease and mortality events in translocated animals.

The Chemokine (C-C Motif) Receptor 1 Antagonist BX471 Improves Fluid Resuscitation in Rat Models of Hemorrhagic Shock.

: We reported previously that antagonists at chemokine receptors CCR2 and CCR3 have fluid-sparing effects during resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock. Because CCR1 shares several chemokine ligands with CCR2/3, we tested whether the CCR1 antagonist BX471 also reduces fluid requirements to maintain hemodynamics. : Sprague Dawley rats were hemorrhaged for 30 min, followed by fluid resuscitation to maintain blood pressure for 60 min (series 1) and 180 min (series 2).

Antimicrobial resistance in community-acquired enteric pathogens among children aged ≤ 10-years in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health priority. This systematic review summarizes the prevalence of AMR in enteric pathogens originating from the community, specifically among ≤10-year-old children in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). In addition, it presents the proportions of pooled resistance in spp.

Genetic estimates and genome-wide association studies of antibody response in Tanzanian dairy cattle.

Identifying the genetic determinants of host defence against infectious pathogens is central to enhancing disease resilience and therapeutic efficacy in livestock. Here, we investigated immune response heritability to important infectious diseases affecting smallholder dairy cattle using variance component analysis. We also conducted genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic variants that may help understand the underlying biology of these health traits.

Asymptomatic Subcutaneous Semaglutide Overdose: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Semaglutide is a glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) that is approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Common adverse drug reactions (ADR) of semaglutide include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea, which are often dose-dependent in nature. Select ADRs that are less common, but may result in more significant concerns, include development of acute pancreatitis, gallbladder and biliary tract diseases, acute kidney injury, and ileus.

The Lancet Commission on rethinking coronary artery disease: moving from ischaemia to atheroma.

Unlabelled: Coronary artery disease has long been understood through the paradigm of epicardial coronary artery obstruction, causing myocardial ischaemia (a mismatch between myocardial blood supply and demand). However, this model, which focuses on diagnosing and managing coronary artery disease based on ischaemia and cardiovascular events, is flawed. By the time ischaemia manifests, it is often too late for optimal intervention, limiting the effectiveness of treatment options.

Limited knowledge of health risks along the illegal wild meat value chain in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area (NMA).

Consumption of and trade in wild meat could result in infectious pathogen spillover into human populations. Such spillovers could propagate into sustained outbreaks in major cities where human aggregations potentially catalyze their spread. A better understanding of how urban wild meat value chains operate could assist in mitigating spillover events.

Structure, conservation and health implications of urban wild meat value chains: A case study of Lagos, Nigeria.

Urban wild meat value chains represent a vital source of protein and livelihood intertwined with culture and complex market systems. Against the backdrop of escalating zoonotic disease concerns linked to wild meat, this research aimed to unravel the structure, governance, species composition and actor characteristics of the wild meat value chain in Lagos, Africa's most populated city. We employed a cross-sectional study design incorporating qualitative and quantitative approaches.

Feasibility study of a co-designed, evidence-informed and community-based incentive intervention to promote healthy weight and well-being in disadvantaged communities in Scotland.

Objectives: To feasibility test a novel community-based financial incentive scheme to promote healthy weight and well-being.

Design: Single-arm, prospective feasibility study using mixed methods.

Setting: Two communities in Scotland experiencing high levels of disadvantage according to the Scottish Index for Multiple Deprivation (SIMD).

Molecular detection and typing of pathogenic species from livestock and small mammals in Uganda.

are bacteria that cause leptospirosis in both humans and animals. Human infections in Uganda are suspected to arise from animal-human interactions. From a nationwide survey to determine prevalence and circulating sequence types in Uganda, we tested 2030 livestock kidney samples, and 117 small mammals (rodents and shrews) using real-time PCR targeting the 32 gene.

Epidemiology of antimicrobial-resistant diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes from children, livestock and food in dagoretti south, Nairobi Kenya.

Peri-urban environments, characterized by dense human populations, cohabiting livestock, and complex food systems, serve as hotspots for food contamination and infectious diseases. Children aged 6-24 months are particularly vulnerable, as they often encounter contaminated food and water, increasing their risk of food-borne disease, with diarrhea being a common symptom. We investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pathogenic Escherichia coli from children 6-24 months of age, their food, and cohabiting livestock, in Dagoretti South subcounty in Nairobi, Kenya.

The CECR2 bromodomain displays distinct binding modes to select for acetylated histone proteins versus non-histone ligands.

The cat eye syndrome chromosome region candidate 2 (CECR2) protein is an epigenetic regulator involved in chromatin remodeling and transcriptional control. The CECR2 bromodomain (CECR2-BRD) plays a pivotal role in directing the activity of CECR2 through its capacity to recognize and bind acetylated lysine residues on histone proteins. This study elucidates the binding specificity and structural mechanisms of CECR2-BRD interactions with both histone and non-histone ligands, employing techniques such as isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and a high-throughput peptide assay.

Goat seropositivity as an indicator of Rift Valley fever (RVF) infection in human populations: A case-control study of the 2018 Rift Valley fever outbreak in Wajir County, Kenya.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral zoonosis, which is considered as a threat to food security in the Horn of Africa. In Kenya, RVF is the 5th ranked priority zoonotic disease due to its high morbidity and mortality, frequent outbreak events, and associated socioeconomic impacts during outbreak events. In 2018, an RVF outbreak was confirmed in Kenya's Siaya, Wajir, and Marsabit counties.

Non-typhoidal among slaughterhouse workers and in the pork value chain in selected districts of Uganda.

Introduction: Non-typhoidal (NTS) is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, often associated with meat consumption and meat processing. Research on NTS infection and circulating serovars in meat value chains in Uganda is limited. We aimed to establish NTS prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors among slaughterhouse workers, and to identify potentially zoonotic serovars in the pork value chain.

Large-scale determinants of street tree growth rates across an urban environment.

Urban street trees offer cities critical environmental and social benefits. In New York City (NYC), a decadal census of every street tree is conducted to help understand and manage the urban forest. However, it has previously been impossible to analyze growth of an individual tree because of uncertainty in tree location.