Development of a High-Fidelity Robot-Assisted Kidney Transplant Simulation Platform Using Three-Dimensional Printing and Hydrogel Casting Technologies.

Despite the adoption of robotic donor nephrectomy, the steep learning curve of robotic recipient transplantation has hindered the implementation of a complete robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT). We sought to develop a high-fidelity perfused full immersion nonbiohazardous platform for RAKT simulation training. A three-dimensional (3D) computer-aided design (CAD) model consisting of a kidney, pelvicaliceal system, renal artery, and vein was created from a CT scan of a donor patient.

Correction to: Mechanical and functional validation of a perfused, robot-assisted partial nephrectomy simulation platform using a combination of 3D printing and hydrogel casting.

The Eqs. 1, 2 and 3 come under the section "Kidney cortex testing" as per the original manuscript, but they have been incorrectly moved and separated into different sections in the original publication of the article.

Mechanical and functional validation of a perfused, robot-assisted partial nephrectomy simulation platform using a combination of 3D printing and hydrogel casting.

Introduction And Objectives: There is a scarcity of high-fidelity, life-like, standardized and anatomically correct polymer-based kidney models for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) simulation training. The purpose of this technical report is to present mechanical and functional testing data as evidence for utilizing a perfused hydrogel kidney model created utilizing 3D printed injection casts for RAPN simulation and training.

Methods: Anatomically correct, tumor-laden kidney models were created from 3D-printed casts designed from a patient's CT scan and injected with poly-vinyl alcohol (PVA).