Is a score enough? Pitfalls and solutions for AI severity scores.

Severity scores, which often refer to the likelihood or probability of a pathology, are commonly provided by artificial intelligence (AI) tools in radiology. However, little attention has been given to the use of these AI scores, and there is a lack of transparency into how they are generated. In this comment, we draw on key principles from psychological science and statistics to elucidate six human factors limitations of AI scores that undermine their utility: (1) variability across AI systems; (2) variability within AI systems; (3) variability between radiologists; (4) variability within radiologists; (5) unknown distribution of AI scores; and (6) perceptual challenges.

Quality improvement project: Patient-centered breast imaging letters.

Purpose: Assess patient-centered revisions to our institution's screening mammography letters for BIRADS-0 and BIRADS-0 dense breast employing existing validated readability and usability rating instruments.

Methods/approach: Cross-sectional analysis of two different mammography recall letters used by our institution revised to be patient-centered: the mammography recall letter (BIRADS 0) and the recall letter for patients with dense breasts (BIRADS 0-DB). During the editorial stage, we used chat GPT v3.

Progress and Impact of a Radiology Residency Research Track over 12 Years.

Rationale And Objectives: Radiology is a dynamic and ever-evolving field, necessitating research and innovation. However, the conventional medical training model falls short in fostering research skills, crucial for cultivating the upcoming cohort of physician-scientists. Our radiology residency research track (RT) was instituted to offer a dedicated research pathway, to foster the next generation of research-focused academic radiologists.

Libraries as Telehealth Hubs: Bridging the Digital Divide and Expanding Health care Access.

Libraries can play a valuable role in the delivery and support of telehealth services. This article is based on a panel of experts convened for the Virtual Care Symposium 2024, "From Novelty to Sustainability: How to Embed Virtual Care Into the Post-Pandemic Healthcare Delivery Template," to discuss ways to leverage community spaces to expand telehealth access. Strategies for successful implementation and operation are provided along with insights into possible challenges based on real-world examples.

Bridging the gap: Evaluating ChatGPT-generated, personalized, patient-centered prostate biopsy reports.

Objective: The highly specialized language used in prostate biopsy pathology reports coupled with low rates of health literacy leave some patients unable to comprehend their medical information. Patients' use of online search engines can lead to misinterpretation of results and emotional distress. Artificial intelligence (AI) tools such as ChatGPT (OpenAI) could simplify complex texts and help patients.

ResearchConnect.info: An Interactive Web-Based Platform for Building Academic Collaborations.

Rationale And Objectives: Radiology is a rapidly evolving field that benefits from continuous innovation and research participation among trainees. Traditional methods for involving residents in research are often inefficient and limited, usually due to the absence of a standardized approach to identifying available research projects. A centralized online platform can enhance networking and offer equal opportunities for all residents.

Large-Scale Telemedicine Implementation for Outpatient Clinicians: Results From a Pandemic-Adapted Learning Collaborative.

Learning collaboratives are seldom used outside of health care quality improvement. We describe a condensed, 10-week learning collaborative ("Telemedicine Hack") that facilitated telemedicine implementation for outpatient clinicians early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Live attendance averaged 1688 participants per session.

Special Issue Editorial: Medical Image Perception and Observer Performance.

The editorial introduces the JMI Special Section on Medical Image Perception and Observer Performance.

Achieving Digital Health Equity by Personalizing the Patient Experience.

Background: COVID saw a significant increase in the use of virtual care, supporting its utility and its benefits. It also revealed that unfortunately there are limitations and gaps we still need to address, including inequitable access to digitally enabled health care tools.

Methods: On November 8, 2022, the Mass General Brigham held the Third Annual Virtual Care Symposium: Demystifying Clinical Appropriateness in Virtual Care and What's Ahead for Pay Parity.

Best Practices for Technology in Clinical Social Work and Mental Health Professions to Promote Well-being and Prevent Fatigue.

The shift to communication technologies during the pandemic has had positive and negative effects on clinical social worker practice. Best practices are identified for clinical social workers to maintain emotional well-being, prevent fatigue, and avoid burnout when using technology. A scoping review from 2000 to 21 of 15 databases focused on communication technologies for mental health care within four areas: (1) behavioral, cognitive, emotional, and physical impact; (2) individual, clinic, hospital, and system/organizational levels; (3) well-being, burnout, and stress; and (4) clinician technology perceptions.

Decoding radiology reports: Potential application of OpenAI ChatGPT to enhance patient understanding of diagnostic reports.

Purpose: To evaluate the complexity of diagnostic radiology reports across major imaging modalities and the ability of ChatGPT (Early March 2023 Version, OpenAI, California, USA) to simplify these reports to the 8th grade reading level of the average U.S. adult.

Image quality assessment of advanced reconstruction algorithm for point-of-care MRI scanner.

Purpose: Portable magnetic resonance imaging (pMRI) has potential to rapidly acquire images at the patients' bedside to improve access in locations lacking MRI devices. The scanner under consideration has a magnetic field strength of 0.064 T, thus image-processing algorithms to improve image quality are required.

Eye-tracking differences between free text and template radiology reports: a pilot study.

Purpose: One possible limitation of structured template radiology reports is that radiologists look back and forth between viewing and dictation monitors, thereby impacting the length of time spent reviewing images and generating a report. We hypothesize that the total time spent viewing case images is diminished and/or the total time spent creating a report is prolonged when the report is generated using a structured template compared with free text format.

Approach: Three neuroradiologists and three senior residents viewed five brain magnetic resonance imaging cases with unique findings while eye position was recorded.

Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning Education in Radiology: Multi-institutional Survey of Radiology Residents in the United States.

Rationale And Objectives: To evaluate radiology residents' perspectives regarding inclusion of artificial intelligence/ machine learning (AI/ML) education in the residency curriculum.

Materials And Methods: An online anonymous survey was sent to 759 residents at 21 US radiology residency programs. Resident demographics, sub-specialty interests, educational background and research experiences, as well as the awareness, availability, and usefulness of various resources for AI/ML education were collected.

Fifty years of SPIE Medical Imaging proceedings papers.

To commemorate the 50th anniversary of the first SPIE Medical Imaging meeting, we highlight some of the important publications published in the conference proceedings. We determined the top cited and downloaded papers. We also asked members of the editorial board of the to select their favorite papers.

Mandating Limits on Workload, Duty, and Speed in Radiology.

Research has not yet quantified the effects of workload or duty hours on the accuracy of radiologists. With the exception of a brief reduction in imaging studies during the 2020 peak of the COVID-19 pandemic, the workload of radiologists in the United States has seen relentless growth in recent years. One concern is that this increased demand could lead to reduced accuracy.

Findings and Guidelines on Provider Technology, Fatigue, and Well-being: Scoping Review.

Background: Video and other technologies are reshaping the delivery of health care, yet barriers related to workflow and possible provider fatigue suggest that a thorough evaluation is needed for quality and process improvement.

Objective: This scoping review explored the relationship among technology, fatigue, and health care to improve the conditions for providers.

Methods: A 6-stage scoping review of literature (from 10 databases) published from 2000 to 2020 that focused on technology, health care, and fatigue was conducted.

SPIE Medical Imaging 50th anniversary: history of the Image Perception, Observer Performance, and Technology Assessment Conference.

As SPIE Medical Imaging celebrates its 50th anniversary, we reflect on the history of the Image Perception, Observer Performance, and Technology Assessment Conference and its importance within the SPIE Medical Imaging Symposium and the greater medical imaging community.