Machine Learning Approaches for Predicting Progression to Alzheimer's Disease in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Purpose: Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is a condition that impairs cognition, memory, and behavior. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a transitional stage before AD, urgently needs the development of prediction models for conversion from MCI to AD.

Method: This study used machine learning methods to predict whether MCI subjects would develop AD, highlighting the importance of biomarkers (biological indicators from neuroimaging, such as MRI and PET scans, and molecular assays from cerebrospinal fluid or blood) and non-biomarker features in AD research and clinical practice.

Characterizing heterogeneity in Alzheimer's disease progression: a semiparametric model.

The progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a leading cause of dementia worldwide, is known for its variability and complexity, challenging the conventional methods of monitoring and predicting disease trajectories. This study introduces a semiparametric modeling approach to analyze longitudinal cognitive and imaging data. We studied two different outcome variables from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database: the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale 13 (ADAS13) scores and ventricular volumes [Formula: see text].

Joint transformer architecture in brain 3D MRI classification: its application in Alzheimer's disease classification.

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease that mostly affects the elderly, slowly impairs memory, cognition, and daily tasks. AD has long been one of the most debilitating chronic neurological disorders, affecting mostly people over 65. In this study, we investigated the use of Vision Transformer (ViT) for Magnetic Resonance Image processing in the context of AD diagnosis.

Sex differences in Parkinson disease-associated episodic memory and processing speed deficits.

Objectives: This study aims to address a gap in the data on cognitive sex differences in persons living with Parkinson disease (PD). There is some evidence that cognitive dysfunction is more severe in male PD, however data on episodic memory and processing speed is incomplete.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-seven individuals with a diagnosis of PD were included in this study.

Elevated plasma sulfides are associated with cognitive dysfunction and brain atrophy in human Alzheimer's disease and related dementias.

Emerging evidence indicates that vascular stress is an important contributor to the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). Hydrogen sulfide (HS) and its metabolites (acid-labile (e.g.

The emerging postural instability phenotype in idiopathic Parkinson disease.

Identification of individuals at high risk for rapid progression of motor and cognitive signs in Parkinson disease (PD) is clinically significant. Postural instability and gait dysfunction (PIGD) are associated with greater motor and cognitive deterioration. We examined the relationship between baseline clinical factors and the development of postural instability using 5-year longitudinal de-novo idiopathic data (n = 301) from the Parkinson's Progressive Markers Initiative (PPMI).

Blood glutamine synthetase signaling in alcohol use disorder and racial disparity.

As of 2018, 14.4 million adults ages 18 and older in the U.S had alcohol use disorder (AUD).

Neuroimaging and Neuropsychological Outcomes Following Clinician-Delivered Cognitive Training for Six Patients With Mild Brain Injury: A Multiple Case Study.

Nearly half of all mild brain injury sufferers experience long-term cognitive impairment, so an important goal in rehabilitation is to address their multiple cognitive deficits to help them return to prior levels of functioning. Cognitive training, or the use of repeated mental exercises to enhance cognition, is one remediation method for brain injury. The primary purpose of this hypothesis-generating pilot study was to explore the statistical and clinical significance of cognitive changes and transfer of training to real-life functioning following 60 h of Brain Booster, a clinician-delivered cognitive training program, for six patients with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) or non-traumatic acquired brain injury (ABI).

Sex specific cognitive differences in Parkinson disease.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is 1.5 times more common in males than in females. While motor progression tends to be more aggressive in males, little is known about sex difference in cognitive progression.

Time course of cognitive training in Parkinson disease.

Background: People with Parkinson disease (PD) have difficulty initiating internally generated movements. We have shown that computer-based cognitive training can improve movement initiation. However, little is known about the optimal duration of training.

Alzheimer Disease and Related Dementia Resources: Perspectives of African American and Caucasian Family Caregivers in Northwest Louisiana.

We examined knowledge of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD), resources, and research opportunities among older African American (AA) and Caucasian caregivers. A mixed methods design integrated qualitative (focus group) and quantitative (survey) data from Northwest Louisiana. Eight focus groups (59 adults, 92% female, 78% AA, 25% rural) revealed limited knowledge.

Altered Cortico-Limbic Network Connectivity in Parkinsonian Depression: The Effect of Antidepressants.

Background: Depression is a common comorbidity of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, the impact of antidepressant status on cortical function in parkinsonian depression is not fully understood. While studies of resting state functional MRI in major depression have shown that antidepressant treatment affects cortical connectivity, data on connectivity and antidepressant status in PD is sparse.

Objective: We tested the hypothesis that cortico-limbic network (CLN) resting state connectivity is abnormal in antidepressant-treated parkinsonian depression.

Stomaching the Possibility of a Pathogenic Role for Helicobacter pylori in Parkinson's Disease.

While a small subset of Parkinson's disease cases have genetic causes, most cases are sporadic and may have an environmental contributor that has largely remained enigmatic. Remarkably, gastrointestinal symptoms in PD patients serve as a prodrome for the eventual motor dysfunctions. Herein, we review studies exploring a possible link between the gastric human pathogen Helicobacter pylori and PD.

Impact of Prehospital Transportation on Survival in Skiers and Snowboarders with Traumatic Brain Injury.

Introduction: Prehospital helicopter use and its impact on outcomes in snowboarders and skiers incurring traumatic brain injury (TBI) is unknown. The present study investigates the association of helicopter transport with survival of snowboarders and skiers with TBI, in comparison with ground emergency medical services (EMS), by using data derived from the National Trauma Data Bank (2007-2014).

Methods: Primary and secondary endpoints were defined as in-hospital survival and absolute risk reduction based upon number needed to transport (treat) respectively.

A pilot study to evaluate multi-dimensional effects of dance for people with Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with deficits in motor, cognitive, and emotion/quality of life (QOL) domains, yet most pharmacologic and behavioral interventions focus only on motor function. Our goal was to perform a pilot study of Dance for Parkinson's-a community-based program that is growing in popularity-in order to compare effect sizes across multiple outcomes and to inform selection of primary and secondary outcomes for a larger trial. Study participants were people with PD who self-enrolled in either Dance for Parkinson's classes (intervention group, N=8) or PD support groups (control group, N=7).

Cognitive and Psychiatric Disturbances in Parkinsonian Syndromes.

Parkinsonian syndromes share clinical signs including akinesia/bradykinesia and rigidity, which are consequences of pathology involving dopaminergic substantia nigra neurons. Yet cognitive and psychiatric disturbances are common, even early in the course of disease. Executive dysfunction is often measurable in newly diagnosed Parkinson's disease.

White matter hyperintensities among older adults are associated with futile increase in frontal activation and functional connectivity during spatial search.

The mechanisms by which aging and other processes can affect the structure and function of brain networks are important to understanding normal age-related cognitive decline. Advancing age is known to be associated with various disease processes, including clinically asymptomatic vascular and inflammation processes that contribute to white matter structural alteration and potential injury. The effects of these processes on the function of distributed cognitive networks, however, are poorly understood.

Perceived and performance-based executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.

Executive dysfunction is common in early stage Parkinson's disease (PD). We evaluated the relationship between self- and informant-report measurement of real-world executive functions as well as performance-based neuropsychological measures in mildly cognitively impaired individuals with PD and healthy controls. The PD group reported more difficulty with initiation of complex tasks compared to caregiver ratings, and processing speed was a strong predictor of self-reported executive dysfunction for the PD group, followed by depression.

Movement activation and inhibition in Parkinson's disease: a functional imaging study.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD), traditionally considered a movement disorder, has been shown to affect executive function such as the ability to adapt behavior in response to new environmental situations.

Objective: to identify the impact of PD on neural substrates subserving two specific components of normal movement which we refer to as activation (initiating an un-cued response) and inhibition (suppressing a cued response).

Methods: We used fMRI to measure pre-movement processes associated with activating an un-cued response and inhibiting a cued response plan in 13 PD (ON anti-parkinsonian medications) and 13 control subjects.

The contribution of trail making to the prediction of performance-based instrumental activities of daily living in Parkinson's disease without dementia.

Performance on Part B of the Trail Making Test (TMT) contributes to the prediction of ability to complete instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Although this suggests that cognitive flexibility is important in the everyday functioning of individuals with PD, this may not be the case as the TMT is multifactorial, involving motor speed, visual scanning, sequencing, and cognitive flexibility. The purpose of the current study was to determine which elements of the task contribute to the prediction of IADLs in a sample of 30 nondemented individuals with PD.

Hemispheric asymmetries and prosodic emotion recognition deficits in Parkinson's disease.

While Parkinson's disease (PD) has traditionally been described as a movement disorder, there is growing evidence of cognitive and social deficits associated with the disease. However, few studies have looked at multi-modal social cognitive deficits in patients with PD. We studied lateralization of both prosodic and facial emotion recognition (the ability to recognize emotional valence from either tone of voice or from facial expressions) in PD.

Cortical temporal dynamics of visually guided behavior.

Little is known about the temporal dynamics of cortical activation during visually guided behavior. We measured changes in brain activity in human posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and premotor cortex (PMC) during saccades and visually guided reaching using magnetoencephalography (MEG) and novel time-frequency reconstructions of MEG (tfMEG) data. Results indicate that early high-gamma activity over the frontal eye fields (FEFs) was present during saccade preparation, and high-gamma activity progressed from the supplementary and FEFs to visual cortex during saccade execution.