Smarter biopsy decisions in thyroid nodules via dual-modal photoacoustic and ultrasound imaging.

Thyroid nodules are primarily diagnosed using ultrasound imaging (USI), but its low specificity leads to unnecessary fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs). In particular, USI's limited ability to differentiate follicular neoplasms from benign nodules contributes to suboptimal biopsy decision-making. We propose a dual-modal imaging approach that combines multiparametric photoacoustic imaging (PAI) and USI to support smarter biopsy decisions.

Association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and the risk of thyroid cancer: a nationwide cohort study.

Background/aims: Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with various metabolic disorders; however, its relationship with thyroid cancer remains unclear. This study investigated the association between MASLD and the risk of thyroid cancer.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database on individuals who underwent three or more health examinations between January 2002 and December 2015.

Single junction CsPbBr solar cell coupled with electrolyzer for solar water splitting.

Artificial photosynthesis system to realize Solar overall water splitting has been regarded as sustainable and renewable solution for energy and environmental issues. While artificial photosynthesis system (efficiency of 12.4%) greatly exceeds efficiency of natural photosynthesis, yet such high efficiency needs multiple, 2 or more light absorbers to achieve, total photovoltage above 1440 mV.

The Initial Risk Stratification System for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Key Updates in the 2024 Korean Thyroid Association Guideline.

In 2024, the Korean Thyroid Association (KTA) introduced a revised Risk Stratification System (K-RSS) for differentiated thyroid cancer, building upon the modified RSS (M-RSS) proposed by the American Thyroid Association in 2015. The K-RSS emphasizes the cumulative impact of coexisting clinical and pathological features, acknowledging that multiple intermediate-risk factors collectively indicate a higher recurrence risk. Histologic classification follows the 2022 World Health Organization classification, consolidating encapsulated follicular-patterned thyroid carcinomas, including invasive encapsulated follicular variant papillary thyroid carcinoma, follicular thyroid carcinoma, and oncocytic carcinoma of the thyroid gland, and stratifying them by the extent of capsular and vascular invasion.

2025 Korean Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Radioactive Iodine Therapy in Patients with Hyperthyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism is a condition marked by excessive thyroid hormone production, most commonly due to Graves' disease. Treatment options include antithyroid drugs (ATD), radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy, and thyroidectomy. To develop standardized clinical recommendations for RAI therapy with a focus on safety, efficacy, and monitoring, the Korean Thyroid Association formed a task force to create evidence-based guidelines.

2025 Korean Thyroid Association Clinical Management Guideline on Active Surveillance for Low-Risk Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma.

The increasing detection of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) has raised concerns regarding overtreatment. For low-risk PTMC, either immediate surgery or active surveillance (AS) can be considered. To facilitate the implementation of AS, the Korean Thyroid Association convened a multidisciplinary panel and developed the first Korean guideline.

Next-generation sequencing of targetable gene fusions in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer: a multicenter study.

We aimed to determine the prevalence and clinical significance of targetable gene fusions in patients with radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. This multicenter retrospective cohort study enrolled 111 patients from five tertiary medical centers, with molecular profiling performed using targeted next-generation sequencing. The analysis revealed that 58 (52.

Thyroid Hormone Sensitivity as a Possible Determinant of Metabolic Phenotypes in Young Adults, Not in the Elderly.

Objective: We evaluated the association between thyroid sensitivity indices and metabolic phenotypes, including metabolically healthy and unhealthy individuals with obesity (MHO, MUO) and normal weight (MHNW, MUNW), focusing on age-specific differences.

Methods: Data from participants aged ≥18 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2012 were analyzed. Thyroid sensitivity indices, including the Thyroid Feedback Quantile-based Index (TFQI), Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Index (TSHI), and Thyrotroph Thyroxine Resistance Index (TT4RI), were calculated.

Validation of Diagnostic Utility of Washout CYFRA 21-1 in Lymph Node Metastasis of Thyroid Cancer.

Purpose: Traditional methods, fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and washout thyroglobulin (Tg) do not always provide sufficient accuracy for diagnosing lymph node (LN) metastasis in thyroid cancer. This study aimed to validate the diagnostic performance of washout cytokeratin fragment 21-1 (CYFRA 21-1) as a complementary biomarker for diagnosing metastatic LN in thyroid cancer and to explore its relationship with molecular analysis and distant metastasis.

Experimental Design: In this retrospective cohort study involving 230 LN in 224 patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, FNAC, washout Tg, and washout CYFRA 21-1 levels were measured in suspicious LN.

Association between the Triglyceride-Glucose Index and Cardiovascular Risk and Mortality across Different Diabetes Durations: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Backgruound: We aimed to assess the association between triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk and mortality in a large cohort of diabetes patients.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of 1,090,485 participants from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database was conducted. Participants were stratified into TyG quartiles.

Comparison of early versus late rescue stenting after failed thrombectomy for intracranial atherosclerosis-related large vessel occlusion.

Background: The optimal timing for rescue stenting (RS) following failed thrombectomy in patients with underlying intracranial atherosclerosis (ICAS)-related large vessel occlusion (LVO) remains unknown. We aimed to determine this by comparing the angiographic and clinical outcomes of early and late RS.

Methods: We retrospectively enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent stent-retriever thrombectomy for ICAS-related LVO.

Microvascular Ultrasonography Vascularity Index as a Rapid and Simplified Assessment Tool for Differentiating Graves' Disease from Destructive Thyroiditis and Managing Thyrotoxicosis.

Backgruound: Thyrotoxicosis presents significant diagnostic challenges in distinguishing Graves' disease (GD) from destruction-induced thyrotoxicosis (DT) using ultrasound imaging. We evaluated a new technology, microvascular ultrasonography (MVUS) to effectively differentiate between GD and DT, and observe the MVUS changes during follow-up.

Methods: A total of 264 consecutive patients were prospectively enrolled into two cohorts from August 2022 to March 2024 at one tertiary referral hospital: cohort 1 comprised patients initially presenting with thyrotoxicosis (n=185; 98 with GD and 87 with DT).

Deep Learning Technology for Classification of Thyroid Nodules Using Multi-View Ultrasound Images: Potential Benefits and Challenges in Clinical Application.

Backgruound: This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of deep learning technology to thyroid ultrasound images for classification of thyroid nodules.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included ultrasound images of patients with thyroid nodules investigated by fine-needle aspiration at the thyroid clinic of a single center from April 2010 to September 2012. Thyroid nodules with cytopathologic results of Bethesda category V (suspicious for malignancy) or VI (malignant) were defined as thyroid cancer.

Microsurgical clipping remains a viable option for the treatment of coilable ruptured middle cerebral artery aneurysms in the endovascular era.

Although many institutions increasingly perform endovascular coiling instead of microsurgical clipping as the primary treatment for ruptured aneurysms, there remains ongoing debate regarding the optimal treatment strategy for ruptured middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms. Therefore, we compared the outcomes of clipping and coiling for treating ruptured MCA aneurysms. A total of 155 ruptured MCA aneurysms that were deemed eligible for both clipping and coiling were retrospectively reviewed.

Risk Factors and Clinical Outcomes of Arterial Re-Occlusion After Successful Mechanical Thrombectomy for Emergent Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion.

Re-occlusion of initially recanalized arteries after thrombectomy is a significant concern that may lead to poor outcomes. This study aimed to identify the risk factors and evaluate the prognosis of arterial re-occlusion following successful thrombectomy in patients diagnosed with emergent large-vessel occlusion (ELVO). We retrospectively analyzed data from 155 consecutive patients with ELVO who underwent mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

In Vitro Investigation of HIF-1α as a Therapeutic Target for Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy.

Backgruound: Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) involves tissue expansion and inflammation, potentially causing a hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α is crucial in fibrosis and adipogenesis, which are observed in TAO progression. We investigated the effects of hypoxia on orbital fibroblasts (OFs) in TAO, focusing on the role of HIF-1α in TAO progression.

Gut microbiome in the Graves' disease: Comparison before and after anti-thyroid drug treatment.

While several studies have proposed a connection between the gut microbiome and the pathogenesis of Graves's disease (GD), there has been a lack of reports on alteration in microbiome following using anti-thyroid drug treatment (ATD) to treat GD. Stool samples were collected from newly diagnosed GD patients provided at baseline and after 6 months of ATD treatment. The analysis focused on investigating the association between the changes in the gut microbiome and parameter including thyroid function, thyroid-related antibodies, and the symptom used to assess hyperthyroidism before and after treatment.

Safety and efficacy of stent-assisted coil embolization with periprocedural dual antiplatelet therapy for the treatment of acutely ruptured intracranial aneurysms.

Purpose: Despite growing evidence for the effectiveness of stent-assisted coil embolization (SAC) in treating acutely ruptured aneurysms, the safety of stent placement in acute phase remains controversial because of concerns for stent-induced thromboembolism and hemorrhagic events attributable to the necessity of antiplatelet therapy. Therefore, we investigated the safety and efficacy of SAC with periprocedural dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) compared with the coiling-only technique to determine whether it is a promising treatment strategy for ruptured aneurysms.

Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 203 enrolled patients with acutely ruptured aneurysms, categorizing them into two groups: SAC and coiling-only groups.

The Impact of Physical Activity on Thyroid Health: Insights From Representative Data in Korea.

Context: Thyroid hormones are essential for energy metabolism related to thermogenesis and oxygen consumption.

Objective: This study evaluated the potential association of thyroid function including thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) with physical activity in nationally representative data.

Design/setting/participants: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2013 and 2015.

Deep Learning Analysis With Gray Scale and Doppler Ultrasonography Images to Differentiate Graves' Disease.

Context: Thyrotoxicosis requires accurate and expeditious differentiation between Graves' disease (GD) and thyroiditis to ensure effective treatment decisions.

Objective: This study aimed to develop a machine learning algorithm using ultrasonography and Doppler images to differentiate thyrotoxicosis subtypes, with a focus on GD.

Methods: This study included patients who initially presented with thyrotoxicosis and underwent thyroid ultrasonography at a single tertiary hospital.

Cost-Utility Analysis of Early Detection with Ultrasonography of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: A Retrospective Study on a Korean Population.

Backgruound: There is debate about ultrasonography screening for thyroid cancer and its cost-effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of early screening (ES) versus symptomatic detection (SD) for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) in Korea.

Methods: A Markov decision analysis model was constructed to compare the cost-effectiveness of ES and SD.

Associations between body composition and the risk of fracture according to bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a population-based database cohort study.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the associations of body composition and the risk of fracture in postmenopausal women, stratified based on bone mineral density.

Methods: A population-based cohort study using the database of the National Screening Program for Transitional Ages with women aged 66 years was performed. Bone mineral density was categorized as normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis.

Effect of Denosumab on Bone Density in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: A Comparison with and without Calcium Supplementation in Patients on Standard Diets in Korea.

The side effects and safety issues tied to calcium supplementation raise questions about its necessity in osteoporosis treatment. We retrospectively evaluated 189 postmenopausal osteoporosis patients treated with denosumab for 12 months. Patients exhibited neither renal dysfunction nor compromised general dietary intake.