Improved Diagnosis of Glioblastoma, IDH-Wildtype, Metastasis through Molecular and DNA Methylation Profiling: Two Case Reports.

Introduction: Glioblastoma, the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, accounts for approximately 50% of primary malignant brain tumors. Extracranial metastases are extremely rare, affecting <0.5% of patients.

Endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis: cytological and bacteriological diagnosis using vitreous fluid.

Background: This case report aims to describe the diagnostic method and the clinical course of endophthalmitis caused by Enterococcus faecalis.

Case Presentation: A 66-year-old man presented with sudden, severe pain and acute vision loss in his left eye. Ocular examination revealed significant intraocular inflammation and dense vitritis, suggesting endogenous endophthalmitis.

Homozygous loss of function variant in gene causes major brain malformation and perinatal death.

Lamins play a major role in the mechanical stability of cell nuclei, the organisation of chromatin and the DNA replication, transcription and repair. The expression profiles of A-type and B-type lamins vary depending on developmental stages, cell types and tissues. Lamin B2 is expressed very early in embryogenesis, especially in the central nervous system, where it is essential for neuronal migration and brain development.

Challenges and Clinical Relevance in Diagnosing Metastatic Cells From Non-Hematopoietic Malignancies in Bone Marrow Aspirates.

Introduction: The causes of cytopenias are numerous, and the bone marrow aspirate helps to identify them. In rare cases, these cytopenias are due to bone marrow metastases from solid cancers. The techniques used in hematology laboratories are limited in characterizing these cells.

Quiz case: Abnormal haematopoietic cells in pleural effusion.

This case was presented because of the number of plasmablasts in a patient with a medical history of multiple myeloma. Flow cytometry is a "gold standard" technique for the diagnosis of haematological malignancies. This technique works for all fluids and should be performed in effusions (pleural, pericardial, ascites) in cases of suspected haematological malignancy.

Cytological Samples: An Asset for the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Patients with Lung Cancer.

Background: Lung cancer has become the leading cause of cancer death for men and women. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage when surgery is no longer a therapeutic option. At this stage, cytological samples are often the less invasive source for diagnosis and the determination of predictive markers.

miR-140-5p and miR-140-3p: Key Actors in Aging-Related Diseases?

microRNAs (miRNAs) are small single strand non-coding RNAs and powerful gene expression regulators. They mainly bind to the 3'UTR sequence of targeted mRNA, leading to their degradation or translation inhibition. gene encodes the pre-miR-140 that generates the two mature miRNAs miR-140-5p and miR-140-3p.

Enigma portal: Peritoneal effusion in a patient with a myeloproliferative neoplasm.

Quiz regarding the cytological analysis of peritoneal effusion in a patient with a history of myeloproliferative neoplasm.

Comparison between Immunocytochemistry, FISH and NGS for and Rearrangement Detection in Cytological Samples.

The detection of and rearrangements is performed for advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer. Several techniques can be used on cytological samples, such as immunocytochemistry (ICC), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and, more recently, next-generation sequencing (NGS), which is gradually becoming the gold standard. We performed a retrospective study to compare and rearrangement results from immunocytochemistry, FISH and NGS methods from 131 cytological samples.

Transformation from lung adenocarcinoma to combined small cell carcinoma in pleural effusion after treatment with osimertinib.

The transformation of lung adenocarcinoma to combined small cell lung cancer is a rare mechanism of acquired resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This case describes this mechanism in a pleural effusion of a young patient treated with osimertinib for 18 months.

Morphology quiz: Bronchial washing cytology from flexible bronchoscopy.

The aim of this observation is to make cytologists aware of the identification of melanoma cells in bronchial washings from an endobronchial metastasis of malignant melanoma. CT scan and flexible bronchoscopy images are provided and differential diagnosis and additional analyses (molecular biology) are mentioned and discussed.

miR-376a-3p and miR-376b-3p overexpression in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria fibroblasts inhibits cell proliferation and induces premature senescence.

Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare genetic disorder, in which an abnormal and toxic protein called progerin, accumulates in cell nuclei, leading to major cellular defects. Among them, chromatin remodeling drives gene expression changes, including miRNA dysregulation. In our study, we evaluated miRNA expression profiles in HGPS and control fibroblasts.

Granulocyte microvesicles with a high plasmin generation capacity promote clot lysis and improve outcome in septic shock.

Microvesicles (MVs) have previously been shown to exert profibrinolytic capacity, which is increased in patients with septic shock (SS) with a favorable outcome. We, therefore, hypothesized that the plasmin generation capacity (PGC) could confer to MVs a protective effect supported by their capacity to lyse a thrombus, and we investigated the mechanisms involved. Using an MV-PGC kinetic assay, ELISA, and flow cytometry, we found that granulocyte MVs (Gran-MVs) from SS patients display a heterogeneous PGC profile driven by the uPA (urokinase)/uPAR system.

Immunocytochemical Detection of ALK and ROS1 Rearrangements in Lung Cancer Cytological Samples.

The detection of molecular alterations such as ROS1 and ALK rearrangements is performed as part of the diagnosis of advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma. These alterations allow the treatments with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cytological samples are very useful as up to 40% patients are diagnosed with this type of sample.

miR-9 Does Not Regulate Lamin A Expression in Metastatic Cells from Lung Adenocarcinoma.

In lung adenocarcinoma, low lamin A expression in pleural metastatic cells has been proposed as a pejorative factor. miR-9 physiologically inhibits the expression of lamin A in neural cells and seems to be a central actor in the carcinogenesis and the metastatic process in lung cancer. Thus, it could be a good candidate to explain the reduction of lamin A expression in lung adenocarcinoma cells.

[Detection of ALK and ROS1 rearrangements by immunocytochemistry on cytological samples].

The identification of ALK and ROS1 rearrangements has become essential for the theranostic management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer, especially in stage IV or inoperable patients. These testings are now performed by immunohistochemistry on histological samples and confirmed by fluorescent in situ hybridization in case of positive or doubtful results. The diagnosis of lung cancer is often performed at an advanced or metastatic stage and cytological sample could be the only material containing malignant cells available at these stages.

Lamins in Lung Cancer: Biomarkers and Key Factors for Disease Progression through miR-9 Regulation?

Lung cancer represents the primary cause of cancer death in the world. Malignant cells identification and characterization are crucial for the diagnosis and management of patients with primary or metastatic cancers. In this context, the identification of new biomarkers is essential to improve the differential diagnosis between cancer subtypes, to select the most appropriate therapy, and to establish prognostic correlations.

Chest ultrasonography to assess the kinetics and efficacy of talc pleurodesis in a model of pneumothorax: an experimental animal study.

Talc pleurodesis is used to avoid recurrences in malignant pleural effusions or pneumothorax. The lack of lung sliding detected by chest ultrasonography (CUS) after talc application is indicative of the effectiveness of pleurodesis. The objective of our study was to explore, in an animal model, the capacity of CUS to predict the quality of a symphysis induced by talc poudrage (TP) and talc slurry (TS).

Proton pump inhibitors prescriptions in France: Main trends from 2006 to 2016 on French health insurance database.

Because national data on proton pump inbibitors (PPIs) consumption in France are scarce and because there is a growing literature on potential adverse drug reaction induced by this pharmacological class, we would like to more describe the main evolution of PPI use and the main characteristics of its users in France. We used a 1/97th representative sample of beneficiaries of the French health insurance called "échantillon généraliste des bénéficiaires" (EGB) to describe PPIs' use over time (duration of use by year) from 2006 to 2016. In 2016, 108,249 patients had at least 1 dispensing of PPI (i.