Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) and constipation in children: a multifaceted approach (literature review).

Tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is estimated to affect approximately 25 per 100 000 live births. Despite advancements in medical knowledge and technology, the persistence of this issue is attributed to challenges in early detection and limited awareness, often resulting in undiagnosed cases until adulthood. Constipation serves as a noteworthy symptom in children with TCS, yet it frequently goes unnoticed or is ascribed to other causes, leading to delayed diagnosis and negatively impacting a child's quality of life.

Clinical profile, histopathology, and management of caruncular lesions; a systematic review.

Background: The lacrimal caruncle, a nodular structure located at the inner canthus, contains a variety of tissue types, leading to diverse clinical manifestations of its lesions. Caruncular lesions, though rare, may be benign or malignant, complicating diagnosis and treatment. This systematic review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical profiles, histopathological features, and management strategies for caruncular lesions.

Clinical profile and outcomes in Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome; a systematic review.

Introduction: Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (THS) stands as a rare headache disorder distinguished by painful ophthalmoplegia, accompanied by headaches and cranial nerve palsies. The syndrome was initially identified by Eduardo Tolosa in Spain in 1954. He observed granulomatous inflammation surrounding a carotid siphon in a patient with an intracavernous carotid aneurysm.