Longer Colonoscopy Withdrawal Time Is Associated With the Detection of Visible Dysplasia in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Colonoscopy withdrawal time (CWT) of at least 6-9 minutes is the minimum time needed for adequate adenoma detection in the general population. The ideal CWT in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been determined. We aimed to identify the optimal CWT associated with the detection of visible dysplasia in patients with IBD.

Early Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Improves Clinical Outcomes in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis.

Objectives: Guidelines recommend performing a flexible sigmoidoscopy in patients hospitalized with acute severe ulcerative colitis (ASUC). However, it is unclear if time to sigmoidoscopy affects relevant clinical outcomes. We aimed to assess the impact of early sigmoidoscopy on clinical outcomes using a well-characterized cohort of patients with ASUC.

Outcomes of immunomodulator and advanced therapies for primary sclerosing cholangitis-associated inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) coexists in up to 80% of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). The aim of this study is to investigate the outcomes of immunomodulator (IMM)/advanced therapies for the treatment of PSC-IBD.

Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective study of patients with PSC from 1 January 2012 to 1 April 2021.

Impact of thiopurine dose in anti-tumor necrosis factor combination therapy on outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Combination therapy with thiopurines and anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is superior to monotherapy in Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The optimal dose of thiopurines in combination therapy remains unclear. We investigated the impact of thiopurine dose in combination therapy on outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Effect of obesity on vedolizumab response in inflammatory bowel disease.

Background: Vedolizumab is used in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), administered as a non-weight-based fixed dose. A higher body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower serum vedolizumab levels, but it is unclear whether it is associated with an unfavorable response to vedolizumab. We examined the relationship between BMI and the need for dose escalation, and the overall response to vedolizumab in IBD patients.

Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-associated Diarrhea and Colitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the management of advanced malignancies but are associated with diarrhea and colitis. The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the incidence and outcomes of ICI-associated diarrhea and colitis. Bibliographic databases were searched through August 13, 2019, for observational studies of ICI therapy reporting the incidence and/or treatment of diarrhea or colitis.

Novel and Emerging Therapies for Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are chronic, relapsing and remitting disorders of intestinal inflammation with potential systemic manifestations. Despite the availability of current biologics, such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF), anti-integrins, anti-interleukins and small molecules such as tofacitinib, the rates of primary and secondary treatment failure remain high in IBD. This highlights the importance of continued development of new therapeutic targets and modifications of existing ones to improve the treatment response rates and to also improve the safety profile and tolerability of these medications.

The Feasibility of Measuring Sleep and Circadian Characteristics in Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Interest in sleep and circadian research in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) is growing; however, few studies have objectively measured sleep or circadian rhythms in people with these conditions. The purpose was to determine the feasibility of the use of wrist actigraphy, electronic sleep/activity diaries, and participant-collected saliva among adults with both active and inactive IBD. We conducted a 10-day feasibility study of adults aged 18 years to 60 years with IBD.

Sleep Characteristics and Rest-Activity Rhythms Are Associated with Gastrointestinal Symptoms Among Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background: Sleep disturbance is common in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is associated with poorer quality of life and increased disease activity; however, sleep is a multidimensional process, and little is known about specific sleep characteristics and rest-activity rhythms (RARs) in this population.

Aims: The purposes were to (1) describe sleep characteristics and RARs; (2) compare sleep characteristics and RARs and GI symptoms by disease activity; and (3) describe associations between sleep characteristics, RARs, and GI symptoms among adults with IBD.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of adults with IBD.

Longitudinal Changes in Symptom Cluster Membership in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Purpose: To describe changes in symptom cluster membership over 1 year and to examine which demographic and clinical factors predict changes in symptom cluster membership among adults with inflammatory bowel disease.

Design: A retrospective longitudinal study of the Crohn's & Colitis Foundation of America Partners Cohort from 2012 to 2015.

Methods: We measured symptoms of pain interference, fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety.

Knowledge Gaps in the Management of Postoperative Crohn's Disease: A US National Survey.

Background: Postoperative recurrence (POR) of Crohn's disease (CD) is common. Guidelines on POR management have recently been issued, but clinical practice may vary.

Aims: To examine the current clinical practice of POR management in the USA METHODS: A web-based survey was sent to all members of the American Gastroenterological Association and the American College of Gastroenterology.

Symptom clusters in adults with inflammatory bowel disease.

Symptoms (pain, fatigue, sleep disturbance, depression, and anxiety) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are associated with reduced quality of life. Understanding how IBD symptoms cluster and the clinical and demographic factors associated with symptom clusters will enable focused development of symptom management interventions. The study purposes were to (i) identify symptom cluster membership among adults with IBD and (ii) examine associations between demographic (age, gender, race/ethnicity, and education) and clinical factors (smoking status, time since diagnosis, medication type, IBD type, disease activity), and membership in specific symptom cluster groups.

Global Health Education in Gastroenterology Fellowship: A National Survey.

Background: Interest in global health (GH) education is increasing across disciplines.

Aims: To assess exposure to and perception of GH training among gastroenterology fellows and program directors across the USA.

Methods: Design: Electronic survey study.

JAK2 Disease-Risk Variants Are Gain of Function and JAK Signaling Threshold Determines Innate Receptor-Induced Proinflammatory Cytokine Secretion in Macrophages.

JAK2 genetic variants are associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and JAK inhibitors are being evaluated for therapy targeting immune-mediated diseases, including IBD. As JAK pathway-mediated cytokine regulation varies across cell types and stimulation conditions, we examined how JAK signaling and IBD-associated JAK2 variants regulate distinct acute and chronic microbial product exposure outcomes in human myeloid cells, consistent with the conditions of initial entry and ongoing intestinal tissue residence, respectively. Macrophages from controls and ulcerative colitis patients carrying the IBD-risk rs10758669 CC genotype showed increased JAK2 expression and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2-induced JAK2 phosphorylation relative to AA carriers.

A Pleiotropic Missense Variant in SLC39A8 Is Associated With Crohn's Disease and Human Gut Microbiome Composition.

Background & Aims: Genome-wide association studies have identified 200 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) loci, but the genetic architecture of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis remain incompletely defined. Here, we aimed to identify novel associations between IBD and functional genetic variants using the Illumina ExomeChip (San Diego, CA).

Methods: Genotyping was performed in 10,523 IBD cases and 5726 non-IBD controls.

Appendectomy does not decrease the risk of future colectomy in UC: results from a large cohort and meta-analysis.

Objectives: Early appendectomy is inversely associated with the development of UC. However, the impact of appendectomy on the clinical course of UC is controversial, generally favouring a milder disease course. We aim to describe the effect appendectomy has on the disease course of UC with focus on the timing of appendectomy in relation to UC diagnosis.

EMerging BiomARKers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EMBARK) study identifies fecal calprotectin, serum MMP9, and serum IL-22 as a novel combination of biomarkers for Crohn's disease activity: role of cross-sectional imaging.

Objectives: In Crohn's disease (CD), clinical symptoms correspond poorly to inflammatory disease activity. Biomarkers reflective of mucosal and bowel wall inflammation would be useful to monitor disease activity. The EMBARK study evaluated disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and CD, and used endoscopy with or without cross-sectional imaging for biomarker discovery.