Myopia Management in Ontario, Canada.

To determine how optometrists in Canada manage their pediatric myopia patients and to assess whether this has changed over time. In a retrospective chart review, records for children aged 6-10 years who had an eye exam between 2017 to 2021 were reviewed. Children were grouped by presenting refraction (myopes ≤ -0.

Suitability of multifunction devices Myah and Myopia Master for monitoring myopia progression in children and adults.

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of using multifunction instruments to measure axial length for monitoring myopia progression in children and adults.

Methods: Axial length was measured in 60 children (aged 6-18 years) and 60 adults (aged 19-50 years) with multifunction instruments (Myah and Myopia Master) and stand-alone biometers (Lenstar LS900 and IOLMaster 700). Repeatability (measurements by the same examiner) and reproducibility (measurements by different examiners) were computed as the within-subject standard deviation (Sw) and 95% limits of agreement (LoA).

Comparing paediatric optometric vision care in Canada over a 14-year period.

Purpose: In Canada, teaching in paediatric eye care has increased in the past decade both within the optometry curriculum and as continuing education to optometrists. Paediatric vision care guidelines have also been established by North American optometric associations. This study examined whether this exposure was associated with changes in paediatric eye care in Canada over a 14-year period.

Trust and Access: Eye Information-seeking Practices and Preferences among Canadians.

Significance: This study highlights the value that the public places on obtaining trusted and accessible health-related information and their preference for obtaining it from their health care practitioners. Previous research has not been specific to Canadians or vision. Findings can be used to increase eye health literacy and eye care utilization.

What the Canadian public (mis)understands about eyes and eye care.

Clinical Relevance: Inadequate public knowledge about eyes and eye care poses avoidable risks to vision-related quality of life.

Background: This study of eye care knowledge among Canadians extends earlier findings from focus groups.

Methods: Perceptions about eyes and eye care were sought using a 21-item online survey and snowball sampling.

Contact lens fitting and training in a child and youth population.

Purpose: To determine the ease with which children and youths without previous soft contact lens (SCL) experience were able to handle, care for, adapt and be fitted with SCLs.

Methods: 179 children aged 8-16 were recruited. Study visits included: screening and training visits, 1-week and 3-month follow-ups.

"Eye-T": information technology adoption and use in Canada's optometry practices.

Background: While information technology (IT) is playing an increasing role in the delivery of optometric services, little specific information is available about how IT is changing the practice of optometry in Canada or whether optometry schools are adequately preparing their students to use this technology when they graduate.

Methods: Quantitative data on how IT is being used, as well as related barriers and potential benefits, were obtained in a survey of Canadian optometrists (N = 474). Three site visits were made to geographically dispersed Canadian optometry practices identified as exemplars of IT adoption.

The development of validated bulbar redness grading scales.

Purpose: To develop a perceptually and physically based bulbar redness grading scale.

Methods: Digital conjunctival hyperemia photographs were taken using a photo-slit lamp at controlled exposures. Nine participants arranged 25 images on a tabletop over a range of 1.

A seven year survey of the contact lens prescribing habits of Canadian optometrists.

Purpose: Little is known about the contact lens prescribing habits of optometrists in North America. The purpose of this survey was to obtain data on the types of lenses and solutions prescribed by Canadian optometrists.

Methods: One thousand Canadian optometrists were surveyed annually over seven consecutive years (2000 to 2006; n = 7000) on their contact lens prescribing preferences.

High pressures and asymmetrical stresses in the scoliotic disc in the absence of muscle loading.

Background: Loads acting on scoliotic spines are thought to be asymmetric and involved in progression of the scoliotic deformity; abnormal loading patterns lead to changes in bone and disc cell activity and hence to vertebral body and disc wedging. At present however there are no direct measurements of intradiscal stresses or pressures in scoliotic spines. The aim of this study was to obtain quantitative measurements of the intradiscal stress environment in scoliotic intervertebral discs and to determine if loads acting across the scoliotic spine are asymmetric.

Race/ethnicity, social class, and leisure-time physical inactivity.

Purpose: The aims of this study were to determine 1) prevalence of leisure-time physical inactivity in a nationally representative sample of non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, and Hispanic men and women; 2) prevalence of leisure-time inactivity by racial/ethnic group across social class indicators; and 3) the relationship between leisure-time inactivity and occupational physical activity, independent of other social class indicators.

Methods: The National Physical Activity and Weight Loss Survey was a telephone survey of noninstitutionalized U.S.

Comparison of the 2001 BRFSS and the IPAQ Physical Activity Questionnaires.

Purpose: The 2001 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) physical activity module and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) are used in population studies to determine the prevalence of physical activity. The comparability of the prevalence estimates has not been compared in U.S.

Total and leisure-time walking among U.S. adults should every step count?

Background: Although walking is a popular leisure-time activity, a substantial amount of total daily walking occurs in non-leisure contexts (i.e., occupation, transportation, and household work).

Development and testing of a short physical activity recall questionnaire.

Purpose: To develop and test two different short telephone activity recall (STAR) questionnaires, one with closed-ended and the other with open-ended response options, that assessed overall moderate and vigorous activity in a usual week.

Methods: One hundred four participants completed a 3-d test-retest study, and 88 participants completed 10-14, 24-h physical activity recalls (24PAR) and at least 7 d of objective physical activity monitoring by Actigraph during a 28-d period.

Results: Consistency of classification from one administration to the next was high (65-92%), extreme inconsistencies between reports were infrequent (0-7%), and kappa values were between 0.

Prevalence of physical activity in the United States: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2001.

Introduction: The health benefits of regular cardiovascular exercise are well-known. Such exercise, however, has traditionally been defined as vigorous physical activity, such as jogging, swimming, or aerobic dance. Exercise of moderate intensity also promotes health, and many U.

Metabolism of the intervertebral disc: effects of low levels of oxygen, glucose, and pH on rates of energy metabolism of bovine nucleus pulposus cells.

Study Design: In vitro measurements of metabolic rates of isolated bovine nucleus pulposus cells at varying levels of oxygen, glucose, and pH.

Objectives: To obtain quantitative information on the interactions between oxygen and glucose concentrations and pH, and the rates of oxygen and glucose consumption and lactic acid production, for disc nucleus cells.

Summary Of Background Data: Disc cells depend on diffusion from blood vessels at the disc margins for supply of nutrients.

Dynamic changes in brain glucose and lactate in pericontusional areas of the human cerebral cortex, monitored with rapid sampling on-line microdialysis: relationship with depolarisation-like events.

The pathophysiology of peri-lesion boundary zones in acute brain injury is highly dynamic, and it is now clear that spreading-depression-like events occur frequently in areas of cerebral cortex adjacent to contusions in the injured human brain. An automated method to assay microdialysate from peri-lesion cerebral cortex in 11 patients with intracranial haematomas requiring surgery was used. Perfusate (2 microL/min) flowed directly into a flow-injection system for assay of glucose and lactate at intervals typically of 30 secs each.

Attempting to lose weight: specific practices among U.S. adults.

Background: Americans spend over $33 billion annually on weight-loss products and services. Although weight-control methods are of considerable public health interest, few national data on weight-loss practices are available. This paper examines the prevalence of specific weight-loss practices among U.

Ambulatory activity and simple cardiorespiratory parameters at rest and submaximal exercise.

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between objectively determined ambulatory activity and simple cardiorespiratory parameters (heart rate and blood pressure at rest and during submaximal exercise) in individuals who were stratified for self-reported participation (yes/any vs. no/none) in vigorous physical activity (PA). Ninety-eight subjects (African Americans: 7 M, 16 F; Caucasians: 33 M, 42 F; mean age 46.