Effectiveness of molnupiravir for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic literature review of real-world observational studies.

Objective: Molnupiravir (MOV), an oral antiviral, is prescribed to treat adult patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 at risk of progressing to severe disease. Previous systematic literature reviews (SLRs) have evaluated the effectiveness of MOV in the general population; however, evidence on high-risk population is lacking. This SLR assessed the real-world effectiveness of MOV for reducing the progression to severe COVID-19 outcomes in clinical settings, including high-risk or special populations (such as patients with type 2 diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, immunocompromised conditions, older adults, and nursing home residents) who have limited alternative COVID-19 treatment options.

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Recurrence in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Infection Treated with Direct-Acting Antivirals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Reports of direct-acting antivirals (DAA) use for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection after successful treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) have suggested higher rates of HCC recurrence. However, other studies have indicated no increased risk of HCC recurrence.

Methods: To estimate the comparative risk of early HCC recurrence in adults successfully treated for HCC and subsequently treated with interferon (IFN)-free DAAs versus not treated with DAAs for chronic HCV, we conducted a systematic literature review and meta-analysis following established guidelines.

Colectomy and Neoplasia Outcomes of Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Receiving Golimumab: A Post-Authorisation Safety Study Using the Spanish ENEIDA Registry.

Purpose: Golimumab (GLM), an anti-tumour necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) agent, is indicated for moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC). This post-authorisation safety study evaluated the risk of colectomy due to intractable disease and advanced colonic neoplasia (high-grade dysplasia and/or colorectal cancer) under real-world conditions of GLM use.

Methods: This bidirectional cohort study using Spanish ENEIDA registry data (2013-2022) included adults with UC who initiated GLM, other anti-TNFα agents, or thiopurines (TPs).

Risk of Hepatocellular Cancer in U.S. Patients With Compensated Cirrhosis Treated With Direct-Acting Antivirals Versus Interferon.

Background: Few studies have examined the risk of de novo hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with cirrhosis who received interferon (IFN)-free direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy relative to patients who received IFN-containing therapy or remained untreated.

Aims: To estimate the risk of de novo HCC with DAA treatment in cirrhotic HCV patients compared to no anti-HCV treatment and those treated with IFN-based therapy.

Methods: We identified patients with chronic HCV infection and compensated cirrhosis in the US Department of Veterans Affairs healthcare system treated with IFN (2005 to 2013) or DAAs (2013 to 2017).

A Longitudinal Post-authorization Safety Study of Golimumab in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis: A Cohort Study in Denmark and Sweden, 2013-2021.

Background: When golimumab (GLM) was approved for the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in 2013, a post-authorization safety study was conducted.

Objective: Our objective was to examine whether exposure to GLM was associated with an increased incidence of all-cause total colectomy, colorectal cancer, and hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in Denmark and Sweden.

Methods: We conducted a new-user, active comparator cohort study of patients with UC in 2013-2021.

Molnupiravir Use Among Patients with COVID-19 in Real-World Settings: A Systematic Literature Review.

Introduction: Molnupiravir (MOV) is an oral antiviral for the treatment of individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 and at high risk of progression to severe disease. Our objective was to conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) of evidence on the effectiveness of MOV in reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes in real-world outpatient settings.

Methods: The SLR was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines and using pre-determined population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time, and study design inclusion criteria.

Effectiveness of elbasvir/grazoprevir plus ribavirin for hepatitis C virus genotype 1a infection and baseline NS5A resistance.

Introduction And Objectives: In clinical trials, patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype (GT)1a infection and baseline resistance-associated substitutions (RASs) at amino acid positions 28, 30, 31, or 93 receiving elbasvir/grazoprevir for 12 weeks achieved lower rates of sustained virologic response (SVR) than those without baseline RASs. SVR rates in patients with RASs were improved when elbasvir/grazoprevir treatment duration was extended from 12 to 16 weeks and administered concomitantly with ribavirin.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective, observational analysis using electronic health record abstraction.

Impact of systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity, hydroxychloroquine and NSAID on the risk of subsequent organ system damage and death: analysis in a single US medical centre.

Objective: To assess the impact of mild-moderate systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease activity during a 12-month period on the risk of death or subsequent organ system damage.

Methods: 1168 patients with ≥24 months of follow-up from the Hopkins Lupus Cohort were included. Disease activity in a 12-month observation period was calculated using adjusted mean Safety of Estrogens in Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment (SELENA) version of the SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), defined as the area under the curve divided by the time interval.

Racial/ethnic differences in bone mineral density among older women.

The epidemiologic information regarding international differences in bone mineral density (BMD) in women is currently insufficient. We compared BMD in older women across five racial/ethnic groups in four countries. The femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine BMD were measured in women (aged 65-74 years) from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (SOF) (5,035 Caucasian women and 256 African American women in the US), the Tobago Women's Health Study (116 Afro-Caribbean women), the Ms Os Hong Kong Study (794 Hong Kong Chinese women) and the Namwon Study (1,377 South Korean women).

Correlates of bone mineral density among postmenopausal women of African Caribbean ancestry: Tobago women's health study.

Population dynamics predict a drastic growth in the number of older minority women, and resultant increases in the number of fractures. Low bone mineral density (BMD) is an important risk factor for fracture. Many studies have identified the lifestyle and health-related factors that correlate with BMD in Whites.

Modifying a breast cancer risk factor survey for African American women.

Purpose/objectives: To evaluate a breast cancer risk factor survey for use with African American women.

Design: Two focus groups consisting of women randomly selected from the patient population of Henry Ford Health System in Detroit, MI.

Setting: A large, vertically integrated, private, nonprofit health system.

Categorizing race and ethnicity in the HMO Cancer Research Network.

Background: The Cancer Research Network (CRN) was formed in 1999 with funding from the National Cancer Institute. The CRN represents a collaboration of 10 health plans across the United States, with a combined total of approximately 9 million enrollees. The goal of the CRN is to promote collaborative research, which will ultimately increase the effectiveness of preventive, curative, and supportive interventions for major cancers.