Regional influence and cultivar predisposition affect the prevalence of grapevine fungal pathogens in Portuguese vineyards.

Background: Grapevine fungal pathogens are responsible for substantial yield losses and increased costs for producers aiming to maintain healthy vineyards, making viticulture less cost-effective in heavily affected regions. Fungi that target the woody organs of the vine can cause severe structural damage and plant death, in syndromes collectively known as grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). The widespread presence of fungi makes it challenging to predict and control outbreaks.

Silver-selenium nanoparticles and selected chemical compounds significantly inhibit grapevine trunk disease pathogens.

Backround: Grapevine is among the most economically important cultivated crops worldwide, yet it is increasingly threatened by the grapevine trunk disease (GTD) complex. Due to the lack of effective curative treatments for GTDs and the growing need to reduce chemical pesticide use, alternative strategies, such as the application of nanoparticles, are being investigated. In a 2-year in planta study, the inhibitory effects of four chemical compounds and one nanoparticle formulation were evaluated against three serious pathogens associated with GTD complex: Diaporthe eres Nitschke, Diplodia seriata De Not.

RNA-Seq Reveals Differential Responses in Cultivars Protected by Distinct Biocontrol Agents Against Bt67.

Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) is a worldwide grapevine trunk disease constituting a serious threat for sustainable grapevine production, especially in the context of climate change. Effective treatments to control BD are still lacking, prompting the exploration of new non-chemical alternatives. Among these, BioControl Agents (BCAs), such as spp.

Evaluating Treatments for the Protection of Grapevine Pruning Wounds from Natural Infection by Trunk Disease Fungi.

Infection of grapevines by fungal pathogens causing grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) primarily arises from annual pruning wounds made during the dormant season. While various studies have showcased the efficacy of products in shielding pruning wounds against GTD infections, most of these investigations hinge on artificial pathogen inoculations, which may not faithfully mirror real field conditions. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of various liquid formulation fungicides (pyraclostrobin + boscalid) and paste treatments, as well as biological control agents (BCA: SC1, I-1237, and ICC012 + ICC080), for their potential to prevent natural infection of grapevine pruning wounds by trunk disease fungi in two field trials located in Samaniego (Northern Spain) and Madiran (Southern France) over three growing seasons.

and sp. nov. associated with subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis.

Two cases of phaeohyphomycotic infections were caused by , not previously identified in human infections, and one new species, , respectively. Morphological and cultural investigation as well as phylogenetic analysis was constructed based on maximum likelihood analyses using actin and -tubulin sequences to identify the fungal isolates.

Exploring Factors Conditioning the Expression of Botryosphaeria Dieback in Grapevine for Integrated Management of the Disease.

Species from the Botryosphaeriaceae family are the causal agents of Botryosphaeria dieback (BD), a worldwide grapevine trunk disease. Because of their lifestyle and their adaptation to a wide range of temperatures, these fungi constitute a serious threat to vineyards and viticulture, especially in the actual context of climate change. Grapevine plants from both nurseries and vineyards are very susceptible to infections by botryosphaeriaceous fungi due to several cuts and wounds made during their propagation process and their entire life cycle, respectively.

Esca grapevine disease involves leaf hydraulic failure and represents a unique premature senescence process.

Xylem anatomy may change in response to environmental or biotic stresses. Vascular occlusion, an anatomical modification of mature xylem, contributes to plant resistance and susceptibility to different stresses. In woody organs, xylem occlusions have been examined as part of the senescence process, but their presence and function in leaves remain obscure.

The road to molecular identification and detection of fungal grapevine trunk diseases.

Grapevine is regarded as a highly profitable culture, being well spread worldwide and mostly directed to the wine-producing industry. Practices to maintain the vineyard in healthy conditions are tenuous and are exacerbated due to abiotic and biotic stresses, where fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) play a major role. The abolishment of chemical treatments and the intensification of several management practices led to an uprise in GTD outbreaks.

Exploring the Temporal Dynamics of the Fungal Microbiome in Rootstocks, the Lesser-Known Half of the Grapevine Crop.

Rootstocks are the link between the soil and scion in grapevines, can provide tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses, and regulate yield and grape quality. The vascular system of grapevine rootstocks in nurseries is still an underexplored niche for research, despite its potential for hosting beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the composition of fungal communities in 110 Richter and 41 Berlandieri rootstocks at four stages of the grapevine propagation process.

Cultivar Contributes to the Beneficial Effects of PTA-271 and SC1 to Protect Grapevine Against .

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a big threat for global viticulture. Without effective chemicals, biocontrol strategies are developed as alternatives to better cope with environmental concerns. A combination of biological control agents (BCAs) could even improve sustainable disease management through complementary ways of protection.

Relationship Between the Xylem Anatomy of Grapevine Rootstocks and Their Susceptibility to and .

Fungal grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are some of the most pressing threats to grape production worldwide. While these diseases are associated with several fungal pathogens, and are important contributors to esca and Petri diseases. Recent research has linked grapevine xylem diameter with tolerance to in commercial rootstocks.

Drought Influences Fungal Community Dynamics in the Grapevine Rhizosphere and Root Microbiome.

Plant roots support complex microbial communities that can influence nutrition, plant growth, and health. In grapevine, little is known about the impact of abiotic stresses on the belowground microbiome. In this study, we examined the drought-induced shifts in fungal composition in the root endosphere, the rhizosphere and bulk soil by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) high-throughput amplicon sequencing (HTAS).

Cultivar Susceptibility to Natural Infections Caused by Fungal Grapevine Trunk Pathogens in La Mancha Designation of Origin (Spain).

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are one of the main biotic stress factors affecting this crop. The use of tolerant grapevine cultivars would be an interesting and sustainable alternative strategy to control GTDs. To date, most studies about cultivar susceptibility have been conducted under controlled conditions, and little information is available about tolerance to natural infections caused by GTD fungi.

sp. nov. and Species Associated with Petri Disease on Grapevine Propagation Material and Young Grapevines in Algeria.

A field survey conducted on asymptomatic grapevine propagation material from nurseries and symptomatic young grapevines throughout different regions of Algeria yielded a collection of 70 -like isolates and three -like isolates. Based on morphology and DNA sequence data of β-tubulin () and actin, five species were identified including (22 isolates), (19 isolates), (17 isolates), (8 isolates), and (4 isolates). The latter two species ( and ) were reported for the first time in Algeria.

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Strains from Grapevine, Soil and Weed Highlights Potential Mechanisms in Pathogenicity and Endophytic Lifestyle.

The soil-borne fungus is the most common causal agent of black-foot disease in Europe. However, there is a lack of understanding on how this fungus can provoke plant symptoms. In this study, we sequenced, annotated and analyzed the genomes of three isolates of collected from asymptomatic vine, weed and soil.

Field evaluation of biocontrol agents against black-foot and Petri diseases of grapevine.

Background: Black-foot and Petri diseases are the main fungal diseases associated with young grapevine decline. Two field experiments were established to evaluate the preventive effect of two potential biocontrol agents (BCAs), that is Streptomyces sp. E1 + R4 and Pythium oligandrum Po37, and three BCA-commercial products containing Trichoderma atroviride SC1, Trichoderma koningii TK7 and Pseudomonas fluorescens + Bacillus atrophaeus on fungal infection in grafted plants and plant growth parameters.

Quantification of From Grapevine Nursery Stock and Vineyard Soil Using Droplet Digital PCR.

is the most prevalent species associated with Petri disease and esca of grapevine. Accurate, early, and specific detection and quantification of are essential to alert growers and nurseries to the presence of the pathogens in soil and to prevent the spread of this pathogen through grapevine planting material. The aim of this study was to develop molecular tools to detect and quantify inoculum from environmental samples.

A Survey of Trunk Disease Pathogens within Citrus Trees in Iran.

Citrus trees with cankers and dieback symptoms were observed in Bushehr (Bushehr province, Iran). Isolations were made from diseased cankers and branches. Recovered fungal isolates were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics, as well as comparisons of DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer region, translation elongation factor , β-tubulin, and actin gene regions.

Temporal Dispersal Patterns of , Causal Agent of Petri Disease and Esca, in Vineyards.

Although the fungus is the most commonly detected causal agent of Petri disease and esca, two important fungal grapevine trunk diseases, little is known about the dispersal patterns of inoculum. In this work, we studied the dispersal of airborne inoculum from 2016 to 2018 in two viticultural areas of eastern (Ontinyent) and northern (Logroño) Spain. The vineyards were monitored weekly from November to April using microscope slide traps, and was detected and quantified by a specific real-time quantitative (qPCR) method set up in this work.

Droplet Digital PCR Technology for Detection of from Grapevine Environmental Samples.

Black-foot disease is one of the most important soilborne diseases affecting planting material in grapevine nurseries and young vineyards. Accurate, early, and specific detection and quantification of black-foot disease causing fungi are essential to alert growers and nurseries to the presence of the pathogens in soil, and to prevent the spread of these pathogens through grapevines using certified pathogen-free planting material and development of resistance. We comparatively assessed the accuracy, efficiency, and specificity of droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) and real-time PCR (qPCR) techniques for the detection and quantification of in bulk and rhizosphere soils, as well as grapevine endorhizosphere.

Occurrence and Diversity of Black-Foot Disease Fungi in Symptomless Grapevine Nursery Stock in Spain.

In this study, 3,426 grafted grapevines ready to be planted from 15 grapevine nursery fields in Northern Spain were inspected from 2016 to 2018 for black-foot causing pathogens. In all, 1,427 isolates of black-foot pathogens were collected from the asymptomatic inner tissues of surface sterilized secondary roots and characterized based on morphological features and DNA sequence data of the nuclear ribosomal DNA-internal transcribed spacer region, histone H3, translation elongation factor 1-alpha and β-tubulin genes. Eleven species belonging to the genera , , , and were identified, including , , , , , , , , , sp.